viii BIOLOGY OF PNEUMOCOCCUS 



spared others by the presentation of this re-examination and ap- 

 praisal. 



The present review of the literature on the biology of Pneumo- 

 coccus forms a part of the Pneumonia Study and Service carried 

 on during the years 1931 to 1935 by the Massachusetts Depart- 

 ment of Public Health under a grant from the Commonwealth 

 Fund. 



The labor of preparing the manuscript has been lightened and 

 made an agreeable occupation by the help so graciously given by 

 many friends. An added pleasure, now that the work has come to 

 completion, is to record grateful acknowledgments to the officers 

 and members of the staff of the Commonwealth Fund for their 

 sympathetic interest and liberal support; to Professor Doctor Fr. 

 Neufeld for permission to reproduce original drawings from his 

 publications and for aid in securing some of the portraits included 

 in the text ; to Dr. Rufus Cole and colleagues at the Hospital of 

 the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research for many cour- 

 tesies ; to Dr. O. T. Avery for the rich benefits of his counsel ; to 

 Dr. M. A. Dawson for the generous loan of unpublished illustra- 

 tive material ; to Miss L. M. D. Trask, librarian of the Rocke- 

 feller Institute, for her able assistance in searching the literature; 

 to Miss E. C. Campbell of the Publication Division of the same 

 Institute for the loan of original electrotypes from the Journal of 

 Experimental Medicine; to Miss Emily Jackson and associates at 

 the Massachusetts Antitoxin and Vaccine Laboratory for their 

 competent and willing services ; to many of the authors quoted 

 for criticism and suggestions ; and to Mrs. Helen M. Boynton for 

 her intelligent and discriminating digest of the whole story of 

 Pneumococcus. 



B. W. 

 Boston, 1937 



