CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS 271 



In another communication, Wadsworth and Brown 1468 reported 

 on chemical and immunological studies of carbohydrate fractions 

 separated from pneumococci of the first three types and from an 

 atypical strain as well. The cultures used were a virulent Type I 

 Neufeld strain, a strain each of virulent Types II and III, and an 

 attenuated Type I Pneumococcus. The carbohydrates resembled in 

 character and action the substance described by Schiemann and 

 his colleagues. The preparations differed in essential respects from 

 the soluble specific substance of Heidelberger and Avery, so Wads- 

 worth and Brown, for the purpose of distinguishing their sub- 

 stance from SSS, gave to it the somewhat ambiguous name, "Cellu- 

 lar Carbohydrate." 



In a 1 to 300 dilution none of the preparations gave biuret, 

 Millon's, or xanthoproteic tests ; the Molisch test was positive and, 

 after hydrolysis, Fehling's solution was reduced. The results of 

 the micro-analysis of the "cellular carbohydrates" are shown in the 

 original table taken from the paper by Wadsworth and Brown. 

 The figures represent minimums and maximums. One specimen from 

 each of the type preparations gave a trace of sulfur ; the remain- 

 der gave none. 



The apparent presence of phosphorus in organic combination in 

 all these preparations revealed a distinct and, to the authors, pos- 

 sibly an important chemical difference between the antigenic and 

 non-antigenic carbohydrate. The presence of amino nitrogen and 

 of only small amounts of phosphorus further distinguished the cel- 

 lular carbohydrates from the C Fraction of Tillett and Fran- 

 cis. Unlike the SSS of Types II and III, the cellular carbohy- 

 drates of these types contained nitrogen and phosphorus, although 

 nitrogen had never been found in analogous preparations by Hei- 

 delberger and phosphorus had been shown by Heidelberger and 

 Kendall to be a constituent only of the C Fraction. These unusual 

 results and the wide variations in the analytical figures lead to the 

 surmise that these preparations of cellular carbohydrates were 

 impure. 



