CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS 273 



dose of culture administered seven days after the immunizing dose. 

 No data were given as to the degree of immunity established or as 

 to its duration. 



The cellular carbohydrate caused an acute inflammatory proc- 

 ess in the lung of the rabbit when introduced into the trachea. It 

 also induced specific anaphylactic shock in sensitized guinea pigs. 

 The cellular carbohydrate therefore agreed in its properties and 

 activities somewhat closely with the A substance of Enders and 

 appeared to be a substance apart from the soluble specific sub- 

 stance of Heidelberger and Avery, and from the C substance of 

 Tillett and Francis. 



COMPARISON OF VARIOUS CELLULAR CARBOHYDRATES 



For the purpose of comparing the properties of the various cel- 

 lular carbohydrates derived from Pneumococcus, Wadsworth, 

 Crowe, and Smith 1469 studied the absorption spectra of prepara- 

 tions at different stages of purification. The preparations studied 

 were those which had been used in chemical and immunological 

 studies previously reported from their laboratory and, in addition, 

 a specifically reacting substance from an atypical strain of Pneu- 

 mococcus, originally derived from a virulent Type I standard cul- 

 ture, together with a Type I soluble specific substance from the 

 virulent culture. The absorption curves of solutions of the soluble 

 specific substance of a virulent and of an attenuated Type I strain 

 showed no significant differences. The curve of one preparation of 

 a Type I cellular carbohydrate approximated that for the soluble 

 specific substance, but that for another preparation of a Type I 

 cellular carbohydrate approached the curve of the atypical strain 

 of Pneumococcus. 



The authors pointed out that there was considerable evidence in 

 the literature that a large number of carbohydrates show only con- 

 tinuous absorption in the ultra-violet region of the spectrum but, 

 when contaminated even slightly, yield marked absorption bands. 

 Their work led to a contrary conclusion, since it was found that 



