194 BIOLOGY OF PNEUMOCOCCUS 



cus is probably that of Friedlander (1883), 487 who injected aque- 

 ous suspensions of gelatin cultures of cocci isolated from pneu- 

 monia patients into the lungs of four dogs, only one of which suc- 

 cumbed. The animal at necropsy showed red and gray hepatization 

 of the lung, and from the areas Friedlander succeeded in recover- 

 ing typical encapsulated diplococci. In the same year, Talamon 1378 

 failed to infect dogs with a mixed culture containing lanceolate 

 cocci grown from the exudate of a pneumonic lung. The refrac- 

 toriness of dogs was also demonstrated by Monti, 905 " 7 who reported 

 that no reaction attended subcutaneous injection. However, he 

 succeeded in producing meningitis in the dog after subdural inocu- 

 lation with pneumococci. 



Salvioli (1884) 1215 was more successful in infecting dogs with 

 encapsulated cocci obtained from the pleural and pericardial exu- 

 dates of pneumonia patients, but the animals so treated failed to 

 develop the typical lesions of pneumonia. In 1912, Lamar and 

 Meltzer, 772 by means of a catheter introduced through the larynx 

 and bronchus, implanted pneumococci in the lungs of dogs. Of 

 forty-eight test animals, forty-two developed lobar pneumonia 

 with a fatality rate of 16 per cent. Wadsworth 1457 employed the 

 method to study phagocytosis in similarly infected animals. In the 

 next year, Wollstein and Meltzer 1539 " 40 in two communications de- 

 scribed the results following the insufflation of avirulent and of 

 heat-killed pneumococci into the lungs of this domestic animal. The 

 injection caused pulmonic congestion with exudate but, in general, 

 the framework of the lung was unaffected and the process was non- 

 fatal. 



Similar results were reported by Newburg, Means and Porter 

 (1916), 1004 by Kline (1917), 726 Wadsworth (1918), 1459 Leake, 

 Vickers and Brown (1924), 793 Christie, Ehrich and Binger 

 (1928), 233 and by Coryllos (1929), 279 all of whom employed the 

 same technique of using the bronchoscope for the injection of 

 Type I culture as used by Henderson, Haggard, Coryllos, and 

 Birnbaum (1930) 636 with a culture of Type II Pneumococcus. 



