ANTIGENICITY OF PNEUMOCOCCUS 347 



with the quantity of inhaled antivirus and the number of applica- 

 tions. 



Although Cooper (1926) 276 failed in attempts to immunize rab- 

 bits to Pneumococcus by either the subcutaneous or intradermal 

 injection of heat-killed cultures, he was able by applying the vac- 

 cine beneath the buccal membrane of the cheek to protect the ma- 

 jority of rabbits so treated for a period of four months against a 

 fatal dose of the organism. Instillation of the vaccine into the eye 

 or swabbing the nose and mouth with the agent failed to result in 

 any effective immunity. Stuppy and Falk (1928) 1351 reinvesti- 

 gated the subject presented by Cooper. Rabbits receiving ten to 

 twenty daily injections of heat-killed Type I pneumococci into the 

 buccal mucosa later survived inoculation with 1,000 M.L.D. of 

 the same strain; of the animals receiving five preliminary injec- 

 tions three out of four lived; while all rabbits given only one or 

 two injections died. Ten daily subcutaneous, intradermal, intra- 

 venous, and intratracheal injections or the administration of the 

 vaccine by intratracheal insufflation or by intraocular instillation 

 (contrary to the claims of Cooper) protected the animals against 

 subsequent infection, although vaccination by insufflation or instil- 

 lation was less reliable as an immunizing procedure than was the 

 administration of the killed culture into the buccal submucosa or 

 into the trachea. 



Stuppy, Cannon, and Falk 1850 rendered rabbits immune to intra- 

 peritoneal infection with pneumococci of Types I and II by the 

 daily insufflation into the nose and throat of suspensions of heat- 

 killed cultures of homologous type, but failed in similar attempts 

 with Type III organisms. In rabbits so treated, the insufflation of 

 living, virulent pneumococci induced a proliferative and exudative 

 type of reaction in the lung in which the macrophage was the pre- 

 dominant cell, accompanied by considerable numbers of eosino- 

 philes. This altered reactivity of the pulmonary tissues was inter- 

 preted by the authors as affording evidence of a definite, localized 



