450 BIOLOGY OF PNEUMOCOCCUS 



Avery, and Goebel 1407 demonstrated further the dependence of the 

 specificity of the anaphylactic phenomenon upon the carbohydrate 

 portion of these compounds. Guinea pigs passively sensitized with 

 the serum of rabbits immunized with an artificial gluco-globulin 

 exhibited typical anaphylactic shock when subsequently injected 

 with gluco-albumin ; the serum of rabbits immunized with another 

 sugar-protein, galacto-globulin, similarly sensitized guinea pigs 

 to galacto-albumin. The reactions, in each instance, were specific 

 and depended for their specificity upon the carbohydrate com- 

 ponent and not on the protein fraction of the synthesized sugar- 

 protein. The authors found that anaphylactic shock could be in- 

 duced by uncombined globulin in guinea pigs passively sensitized 

 with either antigluco-globulin serum or antigalacto-globulin se- 

 rum, and that the globulin was similarly effective in animals ac- 

 tively sensitized with gluco-globulin or galacto-globulin. However, 

 the reactions provoked by globulin alone were dependent upon the 

 common protein present in the antigens and exhibited only species 

 specificity. 



The haptenic participation of the A carbohydrate in the ana- 

 phylactic reaction was demonstrated by Enders (1930). 358 Guinea 

 pigs injected intraperitoneally with one to two cubic centimeters 

 of the anti-A rabbit serums used in the precipitin tests failed to 

 develop symptoms of anaphylaxis upon intravenous injection of 

 varying quantities of the purified specific carbohydrate. Nor was 

 the antibody against the nucleoprotein or rough autolysate pres- 

 ent in sufficient concentration in these serums to confer on guinea 

 pigs anaphylactic sensitivity to the substances. Again, no ana- 

 phylaxis developed in animals treated with the serum when autoly- 

 sates derived from virulent strains of either Type II or Type III 

 pneumococci were introduced intravenously. Type I anti-A serum, 

 however, regularly conferred upon guinea pigs a very high degree 

 of anaphylactic sensitivity to the autolysate derived from Type I 

 Pneumococcus. The "normal" antipneumococcic Type I rabbit 

 serum, from which the specific anticarbohydrate antibody had 



