Growth 89 



in an interpretation of growth, has become standardized.^'^ In this chapter, 

 the abnormalities of growth have been stressed because the more one 

 knows about a population of fishes the more accurate one's interpretation 

 of growth. For example, Dr. R. W. Larimore found a mark on the scales 

 of \^ernard Lake warmouths -^ that corresponded in time to a period when 

 a drag line was dredging the shallows of the pond from which these 

 warmouths were taken. Without a series of fish collections before and 

 after the drag line operation, it would have been impossible to explain 

 the "false annulus" that appeared on the scales of many warmouths, 

 apparently caused by the "feeding disturbance" resulting from the opera- 

 tion of the drag line. 



There is more to reading scales than counting rings. One must become 

 familiar with the usual variations in the marks and ridges on scales of 

 specific species, as well as the potential for abnormalities on these scales 

 and causes for the abnormalities. 



LITERATURE 



1. Anon., Inland Fisheries Dept., Union of So. Africa, Cape Town, 1, 1-47 

 (1945). 



2. Anon., Jour. Cape Pise. Sac, 1(2), 14 (1947). 



3. Anon., Jour. Cape Pise. Soc, 3(9), 12-14 (1949). 



4. Ball, R. C, Am. Fish. Soc. Trans., 75, 36-42 (1948). 



5. Ball, R. C, Jour. Wildl. Mgt., 16(3), 267-269 (1952). 



6. Ball, R. C, and Ford, J. R., Agri. Exp. Sta. Mich. St. Coll Bull, 35(3), 

 384-391 (1953). 



7. Ball, R. C, and Tait, H. D., Mich. St. Coll Agr. Exp. Sta., Tech. Bull, 

 231, 1-25 (1952). 



8. Bennett, G. W., ///. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull, 23(3), 373-406 (1945). 



9. Bennett, G. W., ///. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull, 24(3), 377-412 (1948). 



10. Bennett, G. W., ///. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull, 26(2), 217-276 (1954). 



11. Bennett, G. W., and Childers, W. F., Jour. Wildl Mgt., 21(4), 414-424 

 (1957). 



12. Bennett, G. W., Thompson, D. H., and Parr, S. A., 7//. Nat. Hist. Surv. 

 Biol Notes, 14,1-24 (1940). 



13. Boccius, G., "A Treatise on the Management of Fresh-Water Fish," J. 

 Van Voorst, London, 1841. 



14. Brown, W. H., Tex. Game, Fish and Oyster Comm., 1-21 (1951). 



15. Car lander, K. D., "Handbook of Freshwater Fishery Biology with the 

 First Supplement," pp. 1-429, Dubuque, Iowa, Wm. C. Brown, Inc., 1953. 



16. Carlander, K. D., Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. of Can., 12(4), 543-570 (1955). 



17. Carlander, K. D., and Moorman, R. B., Proc. of the Iowa Acad, of Sci., 

 63, 659-668 (1956). 



18. Clark, G. L., Ecol Mono., 16, 321-335 (1946). 



19. Clark, M., Jour. Wildl Mgt., 16(3), 262-266 (1952). 



20. Cooper, E. L., and Benson, N. G., Prog. Fish-Cult., 13(4), 181-192 

 (1951). 



