Other Dangers of Impoundments 57 



cutting away at one shore and filling up a nearby bay or channel. Where 

 rip-rapping is impractical, booms or deflector structures can be used to 

 stop severe wind and water erosions. Wind-driven ice causes considerable 

 damage in northern lakes. 



Dangers from Insecticides 



Since the discovery of DDT during World War II, new dangers for 

 fishes and other aquatic organisms have come with the many new in- 

 secticides. The toxicity to fishes of some of these insecticides commonly 

 used on agricultural crops is very high (see Table 6.3), and carelessness 

 in application, particularly in crop dusting or spraying by plane, can cause 

 locahzed damage to fish. 



The passage of the Miller Act in 1954 (Public Law 518) established 

 tolerances for residues of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides in those 

 agricultural commodities involved in interstate commerce. These regula- 

 tions have reduced carelessness in the application of, or in the use of 

 excessive amounts of insecticides. This, in turn, will reduce to some extent 

 the danger of fish kills. 



LITERATURE 



1. Beall, H. B., W. Va. Cons., Apr., p. 32 (1959). 



2. Beckman, W. C, Am. Fish. Soc. Trans., 78, 82-90 (1950). 



3. Bennett, G. W., III. Nat. Hist. Siirv. Biol. Notes, 19, 1-9 (1948). 



4. Black, E. C, Fry, F. E. J., and Black, V. S., Can. Jour. Zoo/., 32(6), 408- 

 420 (1954). 



5. Buck, D. H., Okla. Fish. Res. Lab. Rept., 56, 1-62 (1956). 



6. Burdick, M. E., Wise. Cons. Bull. 24, 21-23 (1959). 



7. Carlander, K. D., Jour. Wildl. Mgt., 16(3), 258-261 (1952). 



8. Cooper, G. P., and Washburn, G. N., Am. Fish. Soc. Trans., 76, 23-33 

 (1946). 



9. Ellis, M. M., Westfall, B. A., and Ellis, M. D., U.S. Fish and Wildl Ser. 

 Res. Rept., 9, 1-122 (1946). 



10. Fry, F. E. J., Proc. N. E. Atlantic Fish Conf., Mimec, 1-29 (1951) . 



11. Greenbank, J., Ecological Mono., 15, 343-392 (1945). 



12. Hansen, D. F., ///. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull, 25(4), 211-265 (1951). 



13. Hemphill, J., Ariz. Game ^ Fish Dept., 8 pp. (1954). 



14. Henderson, C., Pickering, Q. H., and Cohen, J. M., Sewage Ind. Wastes, 

 31,295-306 (1959). 



15. Hey, D., Proc. Int. Assoc. Theor. b- Appd. Limnology, 12, 737-742 (1955). 



16. Ingram, W. M., and Prescott, G. W., Am. Midland Nat., 52(1), 75-87 

 (1954). 



17. Irwin, W. H., Okla. Agri. and Mech. Coll Bull, 42(11), 1-16 (1945). 



18. Jackson, H. O., and Starrett, W. C, Jour. Wildl Mgt., 23(2), 157-168 

 (1959). 



19. James, M. C, Meehean, O. L., and Douglas, E. J., U.S.F.W.S. Cons. Bull, 

 35, 1-22 (1944). 



