Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 107 



42 (N. Jersey, Delaware Bay, size) ; Breder, Copeia, 153, 1926: 122 (near N. York) ; Fowler, Copeia, 

 156, 1926: 146 (N. Jersey) ; Chabanaud and Monod, Bull. Etud. Hist. Sci. Afr. Occid. Franc. (1926), 

 1927: 228 (tropical West Africa) ; Barnard, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 2/ (2), 1927: pi. 2, fig. 2 (S. Africa) ; 

 Fowler, Copeia, 16;, 1927: 89 (Virginia) ; Rey, Fauna Iberica Feces, /, 1928: 394 (descr., Spain) ; Fow- 

 ler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 80, 1929: 607 (N. Jersey, size); Truitt, Bean and Fowler, Bull. Md. 

 Conserv. Dept., 3, 1929: 30 (Chesapeake Bay) ; Uriarte and Mateu, Notas Inst. esp. Oceanogr., 53, 1931: 

 10 (Canary Is., size) ; Wilson, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 158, 1932: 464, 469 (parasites, Woods Hole) ; Giltay, 

 Mem. Mus. Roy., Hors Ser., 5, Fasc. 3, 1933: 8 (class.) ; Young and Mazet, Shark, Shark, 1933: 132, 271 

 (commercial catch, near Nantucket) ; Bigelow and Schroeder, Canad. Atlant. Fauna, biol. Bd. Canad., 

 I2e, 1934: 12 (descr., distrib.) ; Budker, Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, (2) 7, 1935: 184 (Dakar, W. 

 Africa) ; Fowler, Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist., yo (i), 1936: 29 (W. Africa) ; Wise, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 2S, 

 1936: 322 (photo, Bahamas); Fowler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 8g, 1937: 303 (N. Jersey); Wise, 

 Tigers of the Sea, 1937: 178 (general); Tortonese, Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat., 77, 1938: 288 (Medit.) ; 

 Fowler, Arch. Zool. Estado Sao Paulo, 4, 1942: 127 (Brazil) ; Monogr. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 7, 1945: 

 262 (Florida) ; Bigelow and Schroeder, Guide Comm. Shark Fish., Anglo Amer. Carib. Comm., Wash., 

 1945: 100, fig. 34 (descr., ill., habits, range). 



Squalus americanus Mitchill, Trans. Lit. Phil. Soc. N. Y., 1815: 483 (descr., N. York), not 5. americanus 

 Gmelin, 1789; DeKay, Zool. N. Y., 4, 1842: 366 (descr., N. York) ; Gill, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 

 Addend., 1 861 : 60 (named). 



Squalus littoralis Lesueur, J. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., /, 1817: 224 (descr., N. York) ; Mitchill, Amer. Month. 

 Mag. Crit. Rev., 2, 1 8 17: 328 (N. York, large size). 



Squalus macrodous Mitchill, Amer. Month. Mag. Crit. Rev., 2, 1817: 328 (substitution for his earlier 5. 

 anuricanu!) . 



Carcharias littoralis Bory de St. Vincent, Diet. Class Hist. Nat., 15, 1 829: 597 (ref.) ; DeKay, Zool. N. Y., 4, 

 1842: 351 (descr., N. York) ; Storer, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., 2, 1846: 503; DeKay, Rep. State Cab. 

 Nat. Hist. N. Y. (1855), 8, 1858: 64 (in N. York list); Gill, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., Addend., 

 1861: 60 (name) and also subsequent eds.; Jordan, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1885), 1887: 797 (name, 

 distrib.); Moore, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. (1892), 12, 1894: 358 (N. Jersey); Linton, Bull. U.S. Fish 

 Comm. (1893), 13, 1894: 103 (parasites); Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 47 (l), 1896: 

 46 (descr., distrib.); Linton, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 20, 1897: 445, 450 (Woods Hole, parasites); Bean, 

 T. H., Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., p, 1897: 329, 371 (near N. York) ; Smith, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., 

 17, 1898: 89 (Woods Hole region) ; Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 47 (3), 1898: 2747 

 (N. Carolina, large size); Parker and Davis, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 29, 1899: 165, pi. I, fig. I; 

 pL 2, fig. 4; pi. 3, fig. 7, 10 (heart veins) ; Linton, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., rp, 1901: 273, 428 (Woods 

 Hole, food, parasites); Bean, Rep. For. Comm. N. Y., 1901: 379 (abundance, season, near N. York); 

 Gregg, Where to Catch Fish, 1902: 17 (named) ; Bean, T. H., Bull. N. Y. St. Mus., do, Zool. 9, 1903: 34 

 (general) ; Daniel, Elasmobranch Fishes, Univ. Calif. Press, 1934: 178 (veins) ; Sharp and Fowler, Proc. 

 Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 56, 1904: 505, 506 (Nantucket) ; Wilson, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 28, 1905: 573 

 (parasites) ; Fowler, Rep. N. J. Mus. (1905), 1 906: 52 (N. Jersey) ; Tracy, Rep. R. I. Comm. inl. Fish., 

 1906: 46 (Rhode Island) ; Fowler, Rep. N.J. Mus. (1906), 1 907: 254 (New Jersey) ; Wilson, Proc. U.S. 

 nat. Mus., 35, 1907: 414, 423, 430, 431 (Woods Hole, parasites) ; Smith, Bull. N. C. geol. econ. Surv., 2, 

 1907: 37 (C. Lookout) ; Field, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1906), 1907: 16 (food, Woods Hole) ; Sullivan, 

 Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 27, 1907: 10 (digest, syst.) ; Fowler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 60, 1908: 54 

 (Nantucket and N. Jersey) ; Kendall, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 7 (8), 1908: 6 (New England rec- 

 ords) ; Fowler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 61, 1909: 407 (C. May) ; Fowler, Rep. N. J. Mus. (1908), 

 1909: 352 (N. Jersey, food) ; Tracy, Rep. R. I. Comm. inl. Fish., 1910: 60 (Rhode Island) ; Linton, Bull. 

 U.S. Bur. Fish., 28 (2), 1910: l 200 (parasites) ; Sumner, Osbum and Cole, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., j/ (2), 

 1 91 3: 736 (Woods Hole, food); Gudger, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 26, 191 3: 98 (N. Carolina, sizes); 

 Nichols, Abstr. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 20-23, 1913:91 (season near N. York) ; Fowler, Copeia, 13, 191 4: not 

 numbered (N. Jersey) ; Coles, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1 91 5: 91 (C. Lookout, N. Carolina; eggs, em- 

 bryos, food) ; De Nyse, Bull. N. Y. zool. Soc, /p, 1916: 1425 (in aquarium) ; Latham, Copeia, 41, 1917: 

 17 (off N. York) ; Wilson, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 55, 191 7: 69 (N. Jersey, parasites); Latham, Copeia, 99, 

 1921: 72 (near N. York); Huntsman, Contr. Canad. Biol. (1921), 3, 1922: 56 (Passamaquoddy Bay); 

 Latham, Copeia, 118, 1923: 61 (Long Island, N. York) ; Nichols and Breder, Zoologica, N. Y., p, 1927: 



