g2 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



Relation to Man. It is not sufficiently plentiful anywhere to be of commercial im- 

 portance. 



Range. Atlantic, west and east, including Mediterranean; Cape of Good Hope; 

 Japan in the North Pacific; it is represented in Australian waters by a relative (dakini) 

 so close to perlo that it may finally prove identical (see discussion, p. 87). In the 

 eastern Atlantic its chief center of population is apparently the Mediterranean, where 

 it is widespread, although nowhere numerous. Its range extends thence southward to Sene- 

 gambia, where it is reported from many localities. It is also caught occasionally and in 

 small numbers to the northward along the Atlantic coasts of the Iberian Peninsula. The 

 most northerly records are on the Portuguese coast and in the Gulf of Gascony (off Bay- 

 onne). It is also known from Madeira. 



Occurrence in the Western Atlantic. The only published record of its presence in the 

 western Atlantic is of the two specimens from Matanzas, Cuba, described above;" but 

 Howell-Rivero writes us that specimens are now being taken occasionally in Matanzas 

 Bay, including gravid females with embryos in all stages of development, suggesting that 

 it is now experiencing an upswing in abundance in Cuban waters. 



Synonyms and References: 



Le Perlon, Broussonet, Mem. Math. Phys. Acad. Sci. Paris, 1780; 668 (descr., Medit.). 



Squalus ferlo Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encyc. Meth. Ichthyol., 1788: 10 (descr., type loc, Medit.). 



Squalus cinereus Gmelin, in Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1789: 1497 (descr., Medit.); Bloch and Schneider, Syst. 

 Ichthyol., 1801: 133 (descr., Medit.); Bosc, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 21, 1803: 185 (diagn.) ; Latreille, 

 Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 24, 1804: 72 (in table of contents) ; Risso, Ichthyol. Nice, 1810: 24 (near Nice, 

 size); Desvaux, Essai Ichthyol. France, 185 1 : 24 (France, not seen). 



Le squale perlon, Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 4° ed., i, 1798: 220 (general) ; Sonnini, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 4, 

 1801-1802: 14 (descr.). 



Heftranchias cinereus Rafinesque, Carratt. Gen. Spec. Sicil., 1 810: 13; Indice Ittiol. Sicil., 1 8 10: 45 (Medit.) ; 

 Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fish. Amphib. Rept., 1839: 314 (general); Bonaparte, Mem. Soc. neuchatel. Sci. 

 Nat., 2 (8), 1839: 9 (in synopsis); Icon. Faun. Ital., j, 1841: I, index. No. 137 (name); Cat. Pesc. 

 Europ., 1846: 17 (Medit.) ; Costa, Fauna Napol. Pesci, j, 1854-1857: No. 4, 1 1 (Medit.) ; Gill, Ann. 

 N. Y. Lye, 7, 1861: 404 (class.); Costa, La Pesca, Napoli, 1871: 87 (Medit., not seen); Rey, Fauna 

 Iberica, Feces, /, 1928: 289 (descr., meas., Spain); de Buen, Faune Medit., Cons. Internat. Explor. 

 Medit., 1930: plate not numbered (Medit., Atlant.) ; Ranzi, Pubbl. Sta. zool. Napoli, 75, 1934: 378, 417 

 (struct, of uterine wall). 



Monoperhinu! cinereus Blainville, Bull. Sci. Soc. philom. Paris, 1816: 121 (name). 



Carcliarias cinereus Cloquet, Diet. Sci. Nat., 7, 1 81 7: 69 (general). 



Squalus {Monofterhinus) cinereus Blainville, in Vieillot, Faune Franc, Poiss., 1825: 80 (descr.). 



NoiiJafius cinereus Cuvier, Regne Anim., 2nd ed., 2, 1829: 390 (descr.); Lowe, Trans, zool. Soc. Lond., 2 

 (3), 1837: 194 (Madeira); Bonaparte, Icon. Faun. ItaL, j, 1835: plate not numbered. Index, No. 127 

 (descr., Medit.) ; Cuvier, Regne Anim., III. Poiss., 1843: 364 (descr.) ; Van der Hoeven, Handb. Dier- 

 kunde, 2nd ed., 2, 1855: 261 (general); Nardo, Atti 1st. veneto, (3) 5, 1859-1860: 787 (Medit.); 

 Fitzinger, Bild. Atlas Naturg. Fische, 1864: fig. 176 (good ill.); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 8, 

 1870: 398 (Medit., Atlant., Madeira); Gervais and Boulart, Poiss., 3, 1877: 195 (Medit. and 

 Atlant. coasts of France); Reguis, Ess. Hist. Nat. Provence, i, Fasc. I, 1877: 53 (Medit.); Heldreich, 

 Faune de Grece, 1879:91 (not seen) ; Giglioli, Elenc. Pesc. ItaL, 1880:52 (not seen) ; Perugia, Elenc. 

 Pesc. Adriat., i88i: 55 (Adriatic) ; Rochebrune, Act. Soc. linn. Bordeaux, (4) d, 1882: 46; Faune Sene- 

 gambie, /, Poiss., 1883-1885: 24 (Senegambia). 



I I. Howell-Rivero, Torreya, 9, 1941 : 7. 



