232 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



Developmental Stages. Knowledge of its development is limited to the fact that a 

 gravid female of nine feet contained two embryos, each about 850 mm. long. 



Habits. The fact that most of the captures of specimens for which pertinent informa- 

 tion is available have been made at depths ranging between 300 and 1,477 rneters (164 

 and 807 fathoms) shows this to be a deep-water species, a habitat with which its uniformly 

 dark coloration accords. But the Long Island specimen mentioned below was washed 

 ashore on the beach and the New Jersey example was taken in a pound net, which is evi- 

 dence that it occasionally wanders into shallow water, as various other deep-water fishes do. 

 Nothing more is known of its habits. 



Range. Both sides of the North Atlantic} also represented in Japanese waters by a 

 closely allied form (acrages Jordan and Snyder, 1904). Apparently this Shark is rare 

 everywhere, for positively identified specimens so far captured number only nine; these 

 are the type specimen and two others from the coast of Portugal; one from the Cape Verde 

 Islands; three from Iceland; one from an unspecified Atlantic locality; and one from 

 Amagansett, Long Island, New York. It is also reported nominally from Madeira, and it is 

 probable that an eight-foot shark taken in a pound net at Manasquam, New Jersey, in July 

 1936 also belonged to this species. All the numerous references to it in scientific literature 

 are based on the foregoing. 



Synonyms and References: 



Pseudotriakis microdon Brito Capello, J. Sci. Math. Phys. nat. Lisboa, / (2), 1867: 315, 321, pi. 5, fig. I (type 

 loc. Setubal, Portugal); ibid., 2, 1870: 139; Giinthcr, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 8, 1870: 395 (Portugal); 

 Brito Capello, Cat. Peix. Portugal, 1880:44 (Portugal); Bean, T. H., Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 6, 1883: 147 

 (Long Island, N. York); Baird, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., 4, 1884: 1 77 (same specimen as Bean, 1883); 

 Jordan, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1885), 1887: 794 (dlstrib.) ; Goode and Bean, Smithson. Contr. Knowl., 

 50, 1895: 18, 508, pi. 5, fig. I 7; Mem. Harv. Mus. comp. Zool., 22, 1 896 (same ref.) ; Special Bull. U.S. 

 nat. Mus., 2, same pagination (descr., ill. of Long Island specimen, meas.) ; Jordan and Evermann, Rep. 

 U.S. Comm. Fish. (1895), 1896: 214 (distrib.) ; Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 47 (l), 1896: 27; Bull. U.S. 

 nat. Mus., 47 (4), 1900: pi. 4, fig. 14 (dcscr., distrib.) ; Bean, T. H., Bull. N. Y. St. Mus., 60, Zool. 9, 

 1903: 18 (Long Island spec.) ; de Braganza, Result. Invest. Sci. "Amelia," 2, 1904: 28, 29 (off Portugal, 

 depths); Prince of Monaco, Bull. Inst, oceanogr. Monaco, 6, 1904: II (depth); Jacquet, Bull. Inst. 

 oceanogr. Monaco, 36, 1905: I, pi. 1-8 (anat., teeth, depth, C. Verdes) ; Regan, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 

 (8) /, 1908: 464 (descr.j Atlant.) ; Richard, Bull. Inst, oceanogr. Monaco, 162, 1910: 152, fig. 109 

 (photo, C. Verdes); Roule, Bull. Inst, oceanogr. Monaco, 243, 191 2: 6 (C. Verdes); Carman, Mem. 

 Harv. Mus. comp. Zool., j(5, 191 3: 104 (dcscr.) ; Nichols and Murphy, Brooklyn Mus. Sci. Bull., (l) j, 

 1916: 6 (Long Island record); Fowler, Copeia, 30, 1916: 36; Roule, Result. Camp. sci. Monaco, 52, 

 1919: 114 (C. Verdes); Saemundsson, Vidensk. Medd. naturh. Foren. Kbh., 14, 1922: 197 (meas. em- 

 bryos, size, depth, Iceland) ; Noronha, Ann. Carneg. Mus., 16, \ 926: 385 (Madeira) ; Nichols and Breder, 

 Zoologica, N. Y., 9, 1927: II (the Long Island record) ; Rey, Fauna Iberica Feces, i, 1928: 320 (descr., 

 distrib.) ; Breder, Field Bk. Mar. Fishes Atlant. Coast, 1 929: 12 (general) ; Jordan, Manual Vert. Anim. 

 NE. U.S., 1929: 8 (general); Fowler, Proc. Pan-Pacif. sci. Congr. (1929), Java, 1930: 489 (part); 

 Jordan, Evermann and Clark, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1928), 2, 1930: 12 (distrib.); Frade, Cons. Ex- 

 plor. Mer., 1932: plate not numbered (general) ; Daniel, Elasmobranch Fishes, Univ. Calif. Press, 1934: 

 54, fig. 59 (skull); Nobre, Fauna Marinha Port. Vert., r, 1935: 442 (descr., Portugal); Fowler, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., yo (i), 1936: 42 (general); Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 8g, ig^?'- 3°3' 3^4 

 (specimen in pound net, Manasquam, N. Jersey, July 1936, ident. probable, size) ; White, Bull. Amer. 



