Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 315 



Florida, parasites) ; Budker, Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, (2) 7, 1935: 185 (Dakar, W. Afr.) ; Burton, Sci. 

 Mon. N. Y., 40, 1935: 279 (perhaps attacks on bathers, S. Carolina); White, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. 

 Hist., 7^, 1937: I 28 (in Key) ; Springer, Proc. Fla. Acad. Sci., 5, 1939: 28 (breeding season, Florida) ; 

 Hildebrand, Copeia, 1941:221 (N. Carolina) ; Longley and Hildebrand, Pap. Tortugas Lab., 5.;, 1941: 

 2 (Tortugas, Florida); Bomkamp, Contr. biol. Lab. Cath. Univ. Amer., 44., 1942: 4 (chemistry of 

 liver, Salerno, Florida); Fowler, Arqu. Zool. Estad. Sao Paulo, 3, 1942: 128 (listed for Brazil); Fish 

 Culturist, 21 (9), 1942: 66 (listed Cuba, but not p. 67, fig. 56); Boos, Contr. biol. Lab. Cath. Univ. 

 Amer., 45, 1943: 10 (chemistry of pancreas, Salerno, Florida), Lunz, Bull. S. C. St. Planning Bd., 14, 

 1944: 27 (S. Carolina, Florida); Gunter, Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci. Univ. Texas, 1945: 20 (temp., breeding, 

 Texas) ; Bigelow and Schroeder, Guide Coram. Shark Fish., Anglo Amer. Caribb. Comm., Wash., 1945: 

 116, fig. 41 (descr., habits, range, ill.); Fowler, Monogr. Acad. nat. Sci., 7, 1945: 96 (Beaufort, N. 

 Carolina), 160 (S. Carolina), 263 (Bahamas). 



Carcharias {Hypofrion) brevirostris Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 8, 1870: 362 (descr., Cuba). 



Carcharias brevirostris Jordan and Gilbert, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 5, 1883: 245 (Gulf of Mexico); Jordan, 

 Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., 4, 1884: 79 (Key West, Florida); Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 7, 1887: 104 (Key 

 West, Florida) ; Englehardt, Zool. Anz., 59, 1912: 648 (Brazil, in fresh water). 



Carcharhinui {Hy-pofrion) brevirostris Jordan, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1885), 1887: 796 (W. Indies). 



Carcharhinus brevirostris Henshall, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., 9, 1891: 383 (Florida, teeth). 



Genus Hyfop'ion Miiller and Henle, 1 841 



Hyfofrion Miiller and Henle, Plagiost., 1841 : 34; type species, Carcharias {Hyfoprion) mactoti Muller and 

 Henle, 1841, designated by Jordan and Gilbert, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 16, 1883: 61. 



Generic Synonyms: 



Squalus (in part) Gray, List. Fish. Brit. Mus., 1851: 43; not Squalus Linnaeus, 1758. 



HyfofrionoJon Gill, Ann. N. Y. Lye, 7, 1862: 399, 401, 409; type species, Carcharias {Hyfofrion) 



hemiodon Muller and Henle, 1 841. 

 Carcharias (in part) Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 8, 1 870: 362 ; not Carcharias Rafinesque, 1 810. 



Generic Characters. Carcharhinidae with anal less than i ^o times as long at base as 

 2nd dorsal; without spiracles; midpoint of ist dorsal at least as near to axil of pectoral as 

 to origin of pelvics; 2nd dorsal only about V2 as long at base as ist dorsal; caudal peduncle 

 without lateral ridges, but with a precaudal pit below as well as above; back with a low 

 mid-dorsal ridge, at least in some species; a labial furrow at corner of mouth and extend- 

 ing for a short distance on upper jaw, but not onto lower; upper teeth strongly oblique and 

 notched outwardly, or erect, their cusps smooth-edged, but their bases with several coarse 

 marginal serrations or low denticles on the outer side, more or less wavy or indistinctly 

 serrate on the inner; the lowers slender, erect, both bases and cusps smooth-edged. Char- 

 acters otherwise those of the family. 



Range. Western Atlantic; Chile; China and Indo-China; East Indies; Philippines; 

 New Guinea; India and tropical Indian Ocean, including Red Sea and Gulf of Arabia.^ 



Species. One species is known in the warm belt of the western Atlantic, and two or per- 

 haps three in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.^ 



1. Also reported for Australia, but incorrectly, according to Whitley (Fish. Aust., /, 1940: 107). 



2. An additional species, H. brevirostris Poey, 1868, has been referred to this genus previously, but it falls in 

 Negafrion, according to the generic definitions adopted here. 



