344 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



Synonyms and References:^' 



Carcharias {Prionodon) leucas Muller and Henle, Pkgiost., 1841 : 42 (descr., Antilles) ; Dumeril, Hist. Nat. 

 Poiss., /, 1865: 358 (descr., Antilles, La Trinite, S. Coast Cuba; but spec, from Algeria probably not this 

 species; see discuss., p. 342) ;'' Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 8, 1870: 368 (discuss.). 



Carcharia! {Prionodon) leucos (in part) Guichenot, Explor. Sci. Alger., j, Poiss., 1 850: 124 (ref. to Cayenne 

 and Porto Rico probably leucas, but not his Algerian spec; see footnote 27, p. 342. 



Squalus flatyodonVoey, Memorias, 2, 1861: 336 (descr., Cuba). 



Prionodon flatyodon Poey, Memorias, 2, 1861 : pi. 19, fig. 5, 6 (teeth, Cuba). 



Sfua/us obtusus Poey, Memorias, 2, 1861 : 337 (descr., Cuba). 



Prionodon obtusus Poey, Memorias, 2, 1 861: pi. 19, fig. 7, 8 (teeth, Cuba). 



Eulamia obtusa Poey, Repert. Fisico-nat. Cuba, 2, 1868: 447, pi. 4, fig. 16 (discuss., dermal denticles, Cuba); 

 An. Soc. esp. Hist, nat., 5, 1876: 385; Enumerat. Pise. Cubens., 1876: 189 (Cuba).'' 



Carcharias flatyodon Jordan and Gilbert, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 5, 1882: 243 (descr., abund., Galveston, 

 Texas); Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 16, 1883: 872 (descr., Cuba to Texas); Evermann and Kendall, Bull. 

 U.S. Fish Comm., 12, 1894: 95 (in list for Texas); Jordan and Dickerson, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 34, 

 1908: 1 1 (Tampico, Mexico) ; Gunter, Amer. Midi. Nat., 28, 1927: 316 (Atchafalaya R., Louisiana, in 

 fresh water); Jordan, Evermann and Clark, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1928), 2, 1930: 15 (Cuba to 

 Texas) ; Beebe and Tee- Van, Field Bk. Shore Fish. Bermuda, 1933: 26 (descr., abund., Bermuda). 



Carcharias lamia Jordan, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 7, 1 884: 104 (ident. seemingly established by ill. of embryo 

 by Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 47 [4], 1900: pi. 5, fig. 17; abund., embryos, S. Florida). 



Carcharhinus {Eulamia) flatyodon Jordan, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1885), 1887: 795 (ident. by ref., W. 

 Indies, S. Atlant. and Gulf coasts of U.S.). 



Carcharhinus {Carcharhinus) flatyodon Jordan and Evermann, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1895), 1896: 216 

 (ident. by ref., Cuba to Texas) ; Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 47 (i), 1896: 39 (descr., size, Cuba to Texas). 



Carcharhinus lamia Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 47 (4), 1 900: pi. 5, fig. 17 (embryo, probably 

 Florida); Evermann and Kendall, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1899), 1900: 48 (ident. by included refs., 

 S. Florida); Smith, J. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 16, 1916: 346 (ident. probable from context, southeast 

 coast U.S.); Nichols and Murphy, Brooklyn Mus. Quart., 3, 1916: 152 (name only, but ident. prob- 

 able because of loc. Key West, Florida) ; not Carcharias {Prionodon) lamia, Muller and Henle, 1 841. 



Eulamia longimanus Fowler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 60, 1908: 65 (spec, no data, probably leucas be- 

 cause of meas. ; j aws, Florida) . 



Carcharhinus ohscurus Fowler, Rep. N. J. Mus. (1907), 1908: 124 (spec. Delaware R. brackish water; later 

 stated by Fowler, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., jj, 1920: 144, to have been "commersonii," i.e., leucas). 



Carcharhinus flatyodon VerriU, Trans. Acad. Arts Sci., //, 1903: 55 (Bermuda, ident. by Garman) ; Barbour, 

 Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv., 46, 1 905 : 1 1 1 (Bermuda, ident. by Garman) ; Garman, Mem. Harv. Mus. 

 comp. Zool., 36, 1913: 126, in part (synonymy, but embryos described are longimanus; see p. 354); 

 Starks, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., 1913: 4 (descr., 29-inch spec. Para, Brazil) ; Breder, Field Bk. 

 Mar. Fish. Atlant. Coast, 1929: 17 (general); White, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., y4, 1934: 126 (in 

 Key) ; Gunter, Copeia, 1938: 69 (fresh water in Louisiana) ; Springer, Proc Fla. Acad. Sci., 5, 1939: 19 

 (descr., size, discuss., south. Florida); Bomkamp, Contr. biol. Lab. Cath. Univ. Amer., 44, 1942: 4 

 (chemistry of liver, Florida); Boos, Contr. biol. Lab. Cath. Univ. Amer., 45, 1943: lO (chemistry of 

 pancreas, Florida); Lunz, Bull. S. Carolina St. Planning Bd., 14, 1944: 26 (Florida). 



Carcharinus commersonii (in part) Garman, Mem. Harv. Mus. comp. Zool., 36, 1 91 3: 140 {leucas Muller and 

 Henle incl. in synonymy, but refers otherwise to longimanus) ; Radcliffe, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 34, 1916: 

 260, pi. 41, fig. 3, 4 (denticles, teeth, N. Carolina, but meas. are of a longimanus taken north of the 



37. This species has so often been confused with others that we confine the following list to such citations as include 

 reasonably conclusive evidence as to specific identity. 



38. Spelled "leucos." 



39. Photographs of unpublished drawings by Poey of his obtusa appear clearly referable to C. leucas. 



