362 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



Synonyms and References:'" 



Squalus carcharias (in part) Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., t, 1758: 235 ; i, 1776: 400 (this appears to be a combination 

 of the present species with Carcharodon, of which 5. carcharias Linnaeus is now universally considered 

 the type; for discussion, see Jordan, Copeia, 166, 1928: 4) ; Walbaum, P. Artedi Genera Pise. Emend. 

 Ichthyol., 5, 1792: 514 (after Linnaeus); Bloch and Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol., 1801: 132 (after 

 Linnaeus); Risso, Ichthyol. Nice, 1810: 25 (descr., a combination of this species with Carcharodon, 

 Medit.); Gray, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. descr. by L. T. Gronow, 1854: 5 (combined in descr. with Car- 

 charodon, Medit., Atlant.). 



Squalus sp. (in part) Gronow, Zoophyl., i,'l763: 32 (incl. in synon., not seen). 



Le Requin, Cloquet, Diet. Sci. Nat., Atlas. Poiss., 181 6-1 830: pi. 26 (clearly recognizable ill.) ; not Le Requin, 

 Cloquet (Diet. Sci. Nat., 7, 181 7: 69, which is Carcharodon). 



Carcharias lamia Risso, Hist. Nat. Europ. Merid., j, 1826: 119 (descr., Medit.); Bory de St. Vincent, 

 Diet. Class. Hist. Nat., 15, 1829: 598 (name only, by ref. to Risso, 1826); Jordan and Gilbert, Bull. 

 U.S. nat. Mus., 16, 1883: 873 (by ref., coasts of Europe, not Carcharinus lamia, p. 23, which was the 

 tooth of a Carcharodon) ; Carus, Prod. Fauna Medit., 2, 1 889-93 : 5 1 2 (by refs., Medit.) ; Ribeiro, Arch. 

 Mus. nac. Rio de J., 14, 1907: 154, pi. 4 (descr., photo of jaws, north. Brazil south to Rio de Janeiro) ; 

 Fauna brazil. Peixes, 2 (l) Fasc. I, 1923: 11 (same as preceding) ; Nobre, Fauna Marinha Port. Vert., i, 

 1935: 422 (descr., off Portugal). 



Carcharias {Prionodon) lamia Miiller and Henle, Plagiost., 1841: 37, pi. 12 (descr., excellent ill., common in 

 Medit. and Ocean) ; Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss., j, 1865: 356, in part (good descr., but specs, from India, 

 Aust. and C. of Good Hope probably not this species); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 8, 1 870: 372 

 (descr., Medit., Atlant.) ; Doderlein, Man. Ittiol. Medit., 2, 1 881: 40 (good descr., season, voracity, dam- 

 age to nets, Medit.). 



Squalus Ion gimanus Poey, Memorias, 2, 1861: 338 (excellent descr., Cuba). 



Prionodon longimanus Poey, Memorias, 2, 1861 ; pi. 19, fig. 9, 10 (excellent ill. of teeth, Cuba). 



Eulamia lamia Gill, Ann. N. Y. Lye, 7, 1862: 401 (name only, with Gill as authority, see footnote 3, 

 p. 320) ; Poey, An. Soc. esp. Hist, nat., 5, 1876: 384; Enumerat. Pise. Cubens., 1876: 188 (size, ref. to 

 earlier descr., Cuba) ; Fowler, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 1 00 {13), 1941: 170 (Atlant. refs. in synonymy at 

 least in part, but not Pacif. refs.) ; Arqu. Zool. Estado Sao Paulo, 5, 1942: 128 (Brazil). 



Prionodon lamia Bocage and Brito Capello, Poiss. Plagiost. Port., 1866: 18 (brief descr., size, off Portugal). 



Eulamia longimana Poey, Repert. Fisico-nat. Cuba, 2, 1 868 : 448 (descr., one 3.5 meters long, Cuba) ; Bigelow 

 and Schroeder, Guide Comm. Shark Fish., Anglo Amer. Caribb. Comm., Wash., 1945: 80, fig. 24 (descr., 

 habits, range, ill.).'"^ 



Prionodon lamia Canestrini, in Cornelia, et al., Fauna d'ltal., 3, Pesci, 1 871-1872: 48 (ident. by refs., size, 

 Medit.). 



Carcharias {Prionodon) obtusus Garman, Bull. Harv. Mus. comp. Zool., 8, 1881: 232, at least in part (ident. 

 by descr. of long pectorals, rounded dorsal, white-tipped fins, number of embryos; Cuba, Santa Cruz, 

 Guadeloupe, Dominica). 



Carcharias obtusirostris MoTczu, Hist. Nat. Poiss. France, /, 1 881: 332 (descr. at least in part, but perhaps com- 

 bined with some other Carcharhinus, Medit.) ; Poiss. Franc, Suppl., 1 891: 7 (meas. of embryo 420 mm., 

 Medit.). 



Carcharhinus {Eulamia) lamia Jordun, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1885), 1887: 796 (name by ref., W. Europ.). 



Carcharhinus (Carcharhinus) lamia Jordun and Evermann, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 47 (l), 1896: 38 (descr., 

 probably in part, and by refs., but apparently confused with C. leucas). 



Carcharinus commersonii (in part) Garman, Mem. Harv. Mus. comp. Zool., 36, 1913: 140 (descr., Atlant. 

 refs. in part, but not Pacif.) ; Radcliffe, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 34, 1916: 260 (meas. of specs, taken north 

 of Bahama Bank, but not fig. of denticles, or N. Carolina records which probably were leucas) ; Meek and 

 Hildebrand, Field Mus. Publ. Zool., 15 (l), 1923: 43 (Atlant. refs., in part only; not descr., which is of 



70. This species has been confused so commonly with others that we limit the following list to such citations as con- 

 tain evidence that they did in fact refer to this particular species, at least in part, and not to some other. For a list 

 of references to Carcharhinus that cannot be allocated with certainty to any particular species, see p. 363. 



70a. Spelled longimanus. 



