292 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



Probable References: 



Carc/iarias obscurus Storer, Proc. Boston. Soc. nat. Hist., 2, l8jg: 256 (teeth, Massachusetts Bay) ; Mass. Zool. 

 Bot. Surv., Rept., Fish., 1839: 184 (same as preceding); Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., N. S. 9, 1867: 

 219, pi. 36, fig. 2; Fishes Mass., 1867: 243, pi. 36, fig. 2 (descr., ill., Provincetown, Massachusetts, not 

 Squalus obscurus Lesueur, 1 81 8). 



Carcharias gracilis Philippi, An. Univ. Chile, 71, 1 887: 539, pi. 2, fig. 1 (Chile)." 



Genus Scoliodon Miiller and Henle, 1837* 



Scoliodon Muller and Henle, S. B. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1837: 114; Arch. Naturg., (3) i, 1837: 397, without 

 tjpe or included species; Plagiost. 1 841: 28; type species, Carcharias {Scoliodon) laticaudus Muller and 

 Henle, India, designated by Gill, Ann. N. Y. Lye, 7, 1862: 401 ; equals Carcharias sorrakowah Cuvier, 

 1817. 



Generic Synonyms: 



Squalus (in part) Richardson, Fauna Boreal. Amer., 5, 1836: 289; and subsequent authors; not Squalus 



Linnaeus, 1758. 

 Carcharias (in part) Cuvier, Regne Anim., 2, 1817: 388; and subsequent authors; not Carcharias Rafinesque, 



1810. 

 Cynocefhalus Bleeker, Verh. Akad. Wet. Amst., 18, 1879: 2; type species, Carcharias {Scoliodon) macro- 



rhynchus Bleeker, 1858, E. Indies; not Cynocefhalus Gill, 1861, which equals Prionace (see footnote 



3, p. 280). 

 Carcharinus (in part) Adams and Kendall, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish, p, 1891 : 292, 308; and subsequent authors; not 



Carcharhinus Blainville, 1 816. 

 Rhizofrion Ogilby, Mem. Qd. Mus., 3, 1915: 132; type species Carcharias {Scoliodon) crenidens Klun- 



zinger, 1 880, Australia, equals Carcharias falasorrah Cuvier, Regne Anim., 2, 1829: 338; preoccupied 



by Jourdan, 1861, for fossil mammals (Cetacea). 

 Rhizofrionodon Whitley, Aust. Zool., 5, 1929: 354; substitution for Rkizofrion Ogilby, 1915, preoccupied 



by Jourdan, 1 86 1, for fossil mammals (Cetacea). 



Doubtful Synonym : 



Lamna (in part) Storer, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., N. S. 2, 1 846: 504 (Storer's L. pinctata appears to have 

 been a combination of Lamna nasus and Squalus functatus Mitchill, 1 81 5, which has sometimes been 

 thought to have been Scoliodon terrae-novae Richardson, 1836; see Synonyms, p. 303); not Lamna 

 Cuvier, 1817. 



Generic Characters. No spiracles; anal not more than about twice as long at base as 2nd 

 dorsal j 2nd dorsal not more than 40% as long at base as ist dorsal; midpoint of base of 

 1st dorsal about equidistant between origin of pelvics and axil of pectoral (sometimes a 

 little nearer one than the other) ; labial furrow either confined to corner of mouth or ex- 

 tending out onto one jaw or both; caudal peduncle with a triangular precaudal pit below as 

 well as above, but without lateral longitudinal ridges; gill openings short, the length of 

 the longest only about equal to the diameter of eye; anterior margin of nostril with a 



29. The forward position of the first doisal fin in Phllippi's (1S87) illustration of his gracilis makes it doubtful 

 whether or not it is identical with glaucus, which it otherwise resembles. 



I. The fossil genus Alofiofsis Lioy (Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat., 8, 1865: 398, pi. 4) is included in the synonymy of 

 Scoliodon by Fowler (Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 100 [13], 1941 : 131). But its teeth, as pictured, are quite difierent 

 from those of Scoliodon. 



