Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 34.5 



Bahamas) ; Meek and Hildebrand, Field Mus. Publ. ZooL, 75 (i), 1923: 43 {Uucas MUller and Henle, 

 1 84 1, inch in synonymy, but specs, dcscr. from Colon are apparently limbatus) ; Fowler, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 nat. Hist., -JO (1), 1936: 53 (dcscr. of Florida specimen but not the synonymy). 



Carcharhinus commersonii Nichols, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 57, 1917: 873, pi. 91, fig. I, 3, 4 (descr., 

 photo of spec. ill. here, in Fig. 60; size, no. and size of embryos, winter, S. Florida) ; Nat. Hist. N. Y., 21, 

 1 921: 275 (food); Bell and Nichols, Copeia, 92, 1 921: 17 (food, size, number, N. Carolina); Nichols, 

 Copeia, 140, 1925: 21 (dcscr., compar. with milberti and obscurus, a straggler, Long Island, N. York and 

 Woods Hole); Nichols and Breder, Zoologica, N. Y., p, 1927: 16 (uncommon. Long Island and near 

 Woods Hole, but evidence perhaps not conclusive, see p. 343); Breder, Field Bk. Mar. Fish. Atlant. 

 Coast, 1929: 17 (general) ; Townsend, Bull. N. Y. zool. Soc, ^4 (6), 193 i: 172 (Florida, good photo) ; 

 Gudger, Sci. Mon. N. Y., ^4, 1932: 417 (ident. by included ref. to Bell and Nichols, 1921, food); 

 White, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., y4, 1934: 127, pi. 42E (in Key, ill. of heart valves, ident. not estab- 

 lished) ; Lunz, Bull. S. C. St. Planning Bd., 14, 1944: 27 (S. Carolina). 



Eulamia commersonii Fowler, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., ^5, 1920: 144 (footnote' 2 states that his earlier N. 

 Jersey record was commersonii); Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., ^6, 1923: 27 (name, Florida). 



Carcharias melanoperus Ribeiro, Fauna brasil., Peixes, 2(1) Fasc. I, 1923: 12, pi. 2 (descr., photo of 785 mm. 

 spec, evidently leucas, not meUnopterus Quoy and Gaimard, 1824, of the Indo-Pacilic). 



Carcharias commersonii (in part) Jordan, Evermann and Clark, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1928), 2, 1930: 15 

 (leucas combined with longimanus in synon.) ; Beebe and Tee-Van, Field Bk. Shore Fish. Bermuda, 

 1933: 28 (ill., apparently leucas, but text and photograph of snout appear to be longimanus'). 



Eulamia flatyodon Fowler, Arqu. Zool. Estado Sao Paulo, 3, 1942: 128 (listed, Brazil) ; Fish Culturist, 21 

 (9), 1942: 66 (listed, Cuba). 



Eulamia melanoftera Fowler, Arqu. Zool. Estado Sao Paulo, 5, 1942: 128 (listed, Brazil). 



Eulamia leucas Bigelow and Schroeder, Guide Comm. Shark Fish., Anglo Amer. Caribb. Comm., Wash., 1945'. 

 86, fig. 27 (descr., habits, range, ill.). 



References, Presumably to leucas, But Not Definitely Identifiable: 



Carcharhinus flatyodon Henshall, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., 9, 1891 : 383 (S. Florida) ; Evermann and Kendall, 



Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1899), 1900: 48 (Florida); Bean, Field Mus. Publ. Zool., 7 (2), 1906: 29 



(Bermuda) ; Linton, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 33, 1907: 86; Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 26, 1907: 122; Engel- 



hardt, Zool. Anz., 59, 1913: 648 (S. Atlantic); Linton, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 64 (21), 1924: 5, 48 



(parasites) ; von Bonde, J. comp. Neurol., 1933: pi. 2, fig. 2, 3 (brain) ; Beebe, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 



/p, 1933: 184 (Bermuda). 

 Carcharhinus obscurus (probably in part) Thome, Copeia, 35, 1916: 69; Nichols, Copeia, 35, 1916: 72-73; 



Thome, Bull. N. Y. zool. Soc, 31, 1928: 114 {leucas likely represented among obscurus reported from 



Long Island, N. York). 

 Carcharinus lamia W\c)\oh,Co^t\3, 53, 191 8: 13 (abund., Florida). 

 Carcharhinus commersonii Linton, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 64 (21), 1924: 6, 7, 12, 33, 38, 49, 54, 84, 87 



(parasites) ; Burton, Sci. Mon. N. Y., 40, 1935: 283 (Charleston, S. Carolina). 

 Carcharias commersonii Marini, Physis B. Aires, p, 1929: 452 (Argent.) ; Bere, Amer. Midi. Nat., 17, 1936: 



593 (parasites). 

 Carcharias carcharias (in part) Jordan, Manual Vert. Anim. NE. U.S., 1929: 10 (account perhaps partly 



based on leucas). 



Eastern Atlantic References, Nominally to leucas, But Probably Not This Species (see footnote 37, p. 344): 

 Carcharias (Prionodon) leucas Guichenot, Explor. Alger., 5, Poiss., 1 850: 124 (spec, from Algeria) ; Dumeril, 



Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1, 1865: 358 (ref. to Algerian spec, from Guichenot) ; Doderlein, Man. Ittiol. Medit., 



2, 1 881: 44 (credited to Medit., on basis of Algerian spec, reported as leucos by Guichenot, 1850); 



Rochebrune, Act. Soc. linn. Bordeaux, (4) 6, 1882: ig; Faune Senegambie, Poiss., /, 1883-1885: 19 



(name only, C. Verde, Senegambia). 

 \ Carcharias leucos Cams, Prod. Fauna Medit., 2, 1 889-1 893: 513 (name, Algiers). 



