Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 467 



reason to doubt that the concentrations may be as great in the western side of the Atlantic 

 as in the eastern, where the record catch of 20,000 in a single haul was made many years 

 ago on the Cornwall coast. The foregoing instances also show that Dogfish may be as 

 plentiful, on occasion, oflF one sector of the coast line as off another from North Carolina 

 to Cape Breton. But in general they are much less plentiful in the bays that they pene- 

 trate {e.g., Chesapeake, Delaware, Passamaquoddy) than off the open coast. 



The Spiny Dog fluctuates very widely in abundance over periods of years, but there 

 is so much irregularity on different parts of the coast, and the peaks of maximum abund- 

 ance fall so far apart, that no consistent picture of its ups and downs can yet be offered. 

 Around Newfoundland there seems to have been a period of scarcity for five or six years 

 prior to 1871,''° but on the other hand a period of abundance in southern New England 

 waters about 1875 to 1880. Available information points next to a pronounced peak about 

 1904 or 1905. While reports of local fluctuations reflect in part the movements of great 

 schools that may visit one locality in one year and another the next, less complaint has been 

 made of them since about 1 9 1 3 than previously. 



Synonyms and References:"' 



I. North Atlantic: 



Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., /, 1758: 233 (descr., refs., Europ. Oc.) ; i, 1766: 397; Olafsen 

 and Povelsen, Reyse en Island, 1772: 359 (Iceland) ; Miiller, Prod. Fauna Danica, 1776: 3 (Denmark) ; 

 Olavius, Oecon. Reyse Island, 1 780: 80 (Iceland, not seen); Bloch, Fische Deutsch., 3, 1784: 74, 

 pi. 85 (general, early devel., size at birth); Mohr, Fors0g Island Naturh., 1786: 57 (Iceland); 

 Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encyc. Meth. Ichthyol., 1788: II, pi. 5, fig. 12 (descr., ill.); Blumenbach, Handb. 

 Naturg., 1788: 294 (general) and subsequent eds.; Walbaum, P. Artedi Genera Pise. Emend. Ichthyol., 

 1792: 505, pi. 3 (refs.) ; Forster, in Latham and Davis, Faunula Indica, 1795: 13 (ref. to Bloch, 1784) ; 

 Vandelli, Mem. R. Acad. Lisboa, /, 1797: 70 (not seen); Bloch and Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol., 1801: 

 135 (descr., refs.); Bosc, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 2/, 1803: 191 (diagn.) ; Donovan, Nat. Hist. Brit. 

 Fish., 4, 1805: 82, pi. 82 (text not seen); Turton, Brit. Fauna, 1807: 114 (descr., Gt. Brit.); de la 

 Roche, Ann. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, 75, 1809: 314 (Ivica, Balearic Is. in market); Risso, Ichthyol. Nice, 

 1810: 40 (general, Medit.) ; Faber, Fische Islands, 1829: 79 (descr., no. of embryos, Iceland); 

 Nilsson, Prod. Ichthyol. Skand., 1832: 117; Johnston, Hist. Berwicksh. Nat. CI., /, 1834: 17 (Gt. Brit., 

 not seen); Jenyns, Manual Brit. Vert. Anim., 1835: 505 (Brit, coast); Couch, Cornish Fauna, 1838: 

 51 (Cornwall, abund.) ; Fries, Ekstrom and Sundevall, Skand. Fisk., 1 845: 187, pi. 46 (descr., Scand.) ; 

 Gaimard, R. Voy. Islande et Greenland, Vol. Zool. Med., 1851: 163 (Iceland); Gray, Cat. Fish. 

 Coll. Descr. by L. T. Gronovir in Brit. Mus., 1854: 8 (listed); Knight, Descr. Cat. Fish. N. S., 

 1866: 8 (Nova Scotia) ; Jones, List Fish. Nova Scotia, 1879: 9 (common. Nova Scotia) ; Bean, T. H., 

 Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., j, 1881: 1 16 (New England Iocs.); Jones, Proc. N. S. Inst. Sci., 1882: 95 

 (same as Jones, 1879); Jordan and Gilbert, BuU. U.S. nat. Mus., 16, 1883: 16 (descr., value for oil, 

 N. and Mid. Atlantic, U.S.); Bean, T. H., Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1882), 1884: 344 (Woods Hole); 

 Goode, Fish. Fish. Indust. U.S., I, 1884: 673 (distrib., habits, abund.); Kingsley, Stand. Nat. Hist., 5, 

 1885: 76 (general); Rathbun, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 7, 1885: 490 (parasites); Whiteaves, Cat. Canad. 

 Pinnep. Cetacea, Fish., 1886: 5 (Gulf of St. Lawrence); Jordan, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1885), 1887: 

 793 (distrib.); Nelson, Final Rep. St. Geol. N. J., 2 (2), 1890: 659 (common, N. Jersey); 



50. Saxby, Zoologist, (2) d, 1871 : 1554. 



51. Many studies have been made of the anatomy of Squalus acanthias, and it has served as the subject of numerous 

 directions for laboratory dissection for the use of students. We have not thought it necessary to burden the present 

 list with citations of these sorts. 



