Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 423 



as long as ist, the 3rd only very little longer, the 5th over origin of pectoral. Nostril ap- 

 proximately transverse, a little shorter than diameter of eye. Mouth strongly arched, 

 about ^/-o as high as broad. A weakly marked labial furrow around corner of mouth extend- 

 ing a very short distance along lower jaw (concealed when mouth is closed), but none on 

 upper jaw. 



Teeth '^ '° '''^Y— 7^'^ *° '^ > smooth-edged, except somewhat wavy on outer basej ist 

 upper tooth erect and symmetrical on expanded base, but subsequent upper teeth strongly 

 and increasingly oblique, their inner margins straight or slightly curved, their outer mar- 

 gins deeply notched in angular outline on 2nd to nth or 12th, the outermost 2 or 3 very 

 low without definite cusps, the 3rd to loth or i ith considerably the largest; lower teeth 

 shorter than uppers, with narrower cusps and relatively broader bases, the ist to 3rd erect, 

 symmetrical, the 4th to 7th or 8th slightly oblique with increasingly incised outer margin, 

 relatively broader bases and shorter cusps, the 8th and subsequent teeth without cusps, 

 low, oval, evenly rounded and without definite cutting edge; 3 series functional in front 

 of upper jaw and i to 2 along sides; 4 to 6 series functional in front of lower jaw, usually 

 2 along sides and 3 toward corners of mouth; i small symmetrical tooth at symphysis 

 on upper jaw, or none, and i on lower. 



First dorsal moderately sloping with a perpendicular from its apex falling almost 

 at its rear tip, its origin a little anterior to inner corner of pectoral (or over it), its vertical 

 height a little less than % (about 6o%) and base a little less than V2 (about 44%) of the 

 length of head to origin of pectoral, its apex narrowly rounded, free rear corner about V2 

 as long as base, the midpoint of base approximately midway between axil of pectoral and 

 origin of pelvics, its rear tip anterior to latter by a distance about as great as diameter of 

 eye. Second dorsal a little less than V2 as long at base as ist in large specimens (slightly 

 longer in small) and almost ^3 as high, its anterior margin moderately convex, apex sub- 

 angular, posterior margin deeply concave, its free rear corner very slender, about 1.2 times 

 as long as the base or about 1.3 as long as the vertical height, its origin a little anterior to 

 midpoint of base of anal. Caudal between V4 and Vs (26 to 29%) of total length, the 

 upper margin nearly straight, its terminal sector about % of the fin, with narrowly 

 rounded apex and concave lower posterior margin; the lower lobe about Vs (average 37 

 to 38%) as long as upper, with weakly convex anterior margin, nearly straight posterior 

 margin, and narrowly rounded or subacute tip; the re-entrant contour (included by the 2 

 lobes) approximately a right angle with abruptly rounded corner. Distance from origin 

 of caudal to tip of anal about Yz as long as base of latter. Anal about 1.2 to 1.5 times as long 

 at base as 2nd dorsal but a little lower vertically, its anterior margin weakly convex, apex 

 subangular, posterior margin weakly concave toward apex, but nearly straight toward rear 

 tip, its free rear corner moderately slender, a little more than V2 as long as base in large 

 specimens or a little less in small. Distance from origin of anal to tips of pelvics about % 

 as long as base of anal. Pelvics about as long at base as anal, with weakly convex anterior 

 margins, weakly concave posterior margins, and narrowly rounded corners, their origins 



