Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 427 



Brooks, Parasitology, 26, 1936: 266 (parasites, Tortugas, Florida); Norman and Fraser, Giant Fishes, 

 1937: 47 (mentioned); Tortonese, Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat., yj, 1938: 303 (Rio de J.); Springer, Proc. 

 Fla. Acad. Sci., ^, 1939: 30 (descr., ill. head, teeth, size, food, abund., Florida W. coast); Stan- 

 ford Ichthyol. Bull., / (5), 1940: 162, 164-166 (comp. with vesfertina, key, meas., ill. of head); 

 Fowler, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 100 {13), 1941: 212 (ref. for Atlant., Rhode Island record, but probably not 

 the refs. for China, Philippines); Longley and Hildebrand, Pap. Tortugas Lab., 34, 1941: 3 (embryos, 

 descr. yolk stalk, Tortugas, Florida); Springer, Proc. Fla. Acad. Sci., 5, 1941: 5 (comp. with other 

 species, ill. of skull); Norris, Plagiost. Hypophysis, 1941: pi. n, fig. 40 (brain); Fowler, Arqu. Zool. 

 Estado Sao Paulo, 3, 1942: 129 (Brazil) ; Fish Culturist, 21 (g), 1942: 66 (listed, Cuba) ; Lunz, Bull. 



5. C. St. Planning Bd., 14, 1944: 27 (S. Carolina, Florida) ; Bigelow and Schroeder, Guide Comm. Shark 

 Fish., Anglo Amer. Caribb. Comm., Wash., 1945: 132, fig. 48 (descr., range, ill.); Fowler, Monogr. 

 Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 7, 1945: 96 (N. Carolina), 160 (S. Carolina); Gunter, Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci. 

 Univ. Texas, x, 1945: 20 (temp., breeding, Texas). 



Cestrorhinus tiburo Blainville, Bull. Soc. philom. Paris, 1816: 121 (name only). 



Zygaeim tiburo Valenciennes, Mem. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, p, 1822: 226, pi. 12, fig. 2*, 2" (ill. of head, 

 Brazil); Bory de St. Vincent, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat., 15, 1829: 597 (general); Cuvier, Regne Anim., 

 2, 1829: 394, footnote (diagn., refs.); Cloquet, Diet. Sci. Nat., 60, 1830: 623 (general); Voigt, in 

 Cuvier, Tierreich, 2, 1832: 514 (diagn., Brazil); Yarrell, Brit. Fish., Suppl., 1839: 64, 65 (synonyms, 

 ill. of head, Brazil); Hist. Brit. Fish., 2, 1 841: 507, 508 (same as Yarrell, 1 839); Cuvier, Regne Anim., 

 ill. ed., 1843: 309, footnote; Baird, Rep. Smithson. Instn. (1854), 1855: 337 (N. Jersey record); 

 Castelnau, Anim. Nouv. RaresAmer. Sud., 2, 1855: 99 (Bahia, Brazil) ; Gunther, Trans, zool. Soc. Lond., 



6, 1869: 396 (Atlant. coast. Cent. Amer.); Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 8, 1870: 382 (descr., refs., Bahia, 

 Belize, but spec, from China probably not this species); Doderlein, Man. Ittiol. Medit., 2, 1 881: 50 

 (occur, in Medit. questioned); Garman, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv., 8, 1881: 232 (Florida Keys); 

 Werner, Zool. Jb., Syst. Abt., 21, 1904: 284 (Atlant. Oc.) ; Huber, Z. wiss. Zool., yo, 1901 : 626 (anat. 

 of claspers). 



Zygaena (no specific name) Agassiz, L., Poiss. Foss., 3, 1835: pi. E, fig. 9 (teeth). 



Zy gaena (Sgua/us) tiburo Leuckart, Unters. Auss. Kiemen Rochen Hayen, Stuttgart, 1836: 22 (ill., early 

 embryo, yolk stalk, yolk). 



Platysqualus tiburo Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fish. Amphib. Rept., 2, 1839: 318 (descr.). 



Sfhyrnias tiburo Gray, List. Fish. Brit. Mus., /, 1 851: 50. 



Cestracion-^ tiburo Gill, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., Addend., 1861: 59 (in N. Amer. cat.), and later eds.; 

 Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss., /, 1865: 385 (descr., east coast, N. and S. Amer.); Abbott, Geol. Surv. 

 N. J., Geol. N. J., Append. E, 1868: 829 (N. Jersey) ; Fowler, Rep. N. J. Mus. (1905), 1906: 65 (N. 

 Jersey); Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 5,?, 1906: 80 (Florida Keys, abund.); Rep. N. J. Mus. (1906), 

 1907: 257 (N. Jersey record); Garman, Mem. Harv. Mus. comp. Zool., 36, 1913: 160, pi. I, fig. 4, 5 

 (descr., ill., Massachusetts Bay spec.) ; Raddiffe, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 34, 1 91 6: 265, pi. 44, fig. I, 2, 

 but not fig. 3, which appears to be either diplana or zygaena (denticles, teeth, food, N. Carolina) ; Meek 

 and Hildebrand, Field Mus. Publ. Zool., 75 (l), 1923: 60 (descr.. Colon, Panama) ; Breder, Bull. Bing- 

 ham oceanogr. Coll., 1 (l), 1 92 7: 5 (Florida) ; Bigelow and Schroeder, Canad. Atlant. Fauna, biol. Bd. 

 Canad., I 2^ 1934: 10 (descr., distrib.) ; Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 48, 1936: 322 (ref. to Massachusetts Bay 

 spec, descr. by Garman, 1 91 3). 



Renicefs tiburo Gill, Ann. N. Y. Lye, 7, 1862: 412 (name); Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1871-72), 1873: 

 813 (Cape Cod to Florida); Poey, An. Soc. esp. Hist. Nat., 5, 1876: 384; Enumerat. Pise. Cubens., 

 1876: 188 (listed, Cuba); Jordan and Gilbert, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 16, 1883: 25, 874 (descr., size, 

 Atlant. Oc, but rep. for China probably not this species) ; Bean, T. H., Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., 7, 1888: 

 152 (old N. Jersey record); Wilson, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 33, 1907: 360 (parasites, St. Mary's R., 

 Florida); Jordan, Manual Vert. Anim. NE. U.S., 1929: 11 (general); Jordan, Evermann and Clark, 

 Rep. U.S. Coram. Fish. (1928), 2, 1930: 17 (Atlant. Oc, Mazatlan, Panama, but rep. for China prob- 



25. This name was first used by Klein (Neuer Schauplatz, 3, 1776: 526), but must date from Gill, 1861, because 

 Klein's names are not applicable by Opinion 89 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature; 

 see footnote 2, p. 408. 



