4-2 8 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



ably not this species) ; Gowanloch, Bull. La. Conserv. Dep., 23, 1933: 219, 220 (abund. Gulf coast U.S.) ; 



Bere, Amer. Midi. Nat., 17 (3), 1936: 583, 605 (parasites, Florida west coast); Whitley, Aust. Zool., 



8, 1936: 190 {Squalus carolinianus Latreille, 1804, a synonym of tiburo). 

 Zygaena leeuwenn Rochebrune, Act. Soc. linn. Bordeaux, (4) 6, 1882: 44; Fauna Senegambie, Poiss., 1, 



1883-1885: 21 (ident. probable because of descr. of head; abund. Senegambia; not Zygaena letuini 



Griffith, in Cuvier, Anim. Kingd., ro, 1834: 640, pi. 50) ; Metzelaar, Trop. Atlant. Visschen, 1919: 189 



(Senegambia by ref. to Rochebrune, 1882). 

 Renicefs (no spec, name) Adams and Kendall, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., 9, 1 891 : 295 (Florida west coast). 

 Sfhyrna {Renicefs) tiburo Jordan and Evermann, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1895), 1896: 217 (Long Island 



southward and Mazatlan, Mexico, but rep. for China probably not this species) ; Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 



47 (l), 1896: 44 (descr., Long Island southward, and Mazatlan, Mexico, but rep. for China probably 



not this species). 

 Cestracion zygaena Radcliffe, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 34, 1916: pi. 43, fig. 2 (photo, of jaws, evidently mis- 

 labelled by accident). 

 Sfhyrna tiburo (perhaps in part) Puyo, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Toulouse, yo, 1930: 83 (ill. of head is difhna, 



but discuss, perhaps covers tiburo also). 

 Sfhyrna vesfertina Springer, Stanford Ichthyol. Bull., i (5), 1940: 161, 164-166 (type descr., comp. with 



other species, meas., ill. of head, Panama, Guayaquil, Ecuador) ; Beebe and Tee-Van, Zoologica, N. Y., 



2(5, 1941: 116 (diagn., Panama, Ecuador). 

 Not Zygaena tiburo Reguis, Ess. Hist. Nat. Provence, Fasc. I, 1 877: 59 (either diflana or tudes because head 



descr. as emarginate in midline, Medit.). 



Sfhyrna tudes (Valenciennes), 1822 



Great Hammerhead 



Figures 83, 84 



Study Material. Male embryo, about 585 mm., a newborn male of 673 mm., another 

 small specimen, and the head of a specimen of about 1,660 mm. as calculated from breadth 

 of head, all from Englewood, Florida (Harv. Mus. Comp. Zool. and U.S. Nat. Mus.) j 

 jaws from specimens of 13V2 feet and 7 feet 10 inches from Englewood, Florida (U.S. 

 Nat. Mus., No. 1 10299, 110300)5 excellent cast of a male, a little more than lO feet 

 long, from Miami, Florida^* (Harv. Mus. Comp. Zool.). Measurements of six speci- 

 mens, male and female, 700 to 3,155 mm., from Englewood, Florida, as well as photo- 

 graphs of a large one on the beach.^^ 



Distinctive Characters. The hammer (not shovel) shape of its head places tudes with 

 zygaena, diflana and bigelowi; and it falls with the last two because the anterior margin 

 of its head is definitely indented in the midline. But it is easily distinguishable from all 

 three by the edges of both its lower and upper teeth, which are regularly serrate from tip 

 to base (smooth or weakly serrate in zygaena), and by its first dorsal fin which is less erect. 

 It is further marked off from zygaena and diflana by the much shorter free rear corners of 

 its second dorsal and anal fins and by its differently shaped hammer head (cf. Figs. 83, 84 

 with 81 G, 86 A). Also, its pelvics are much more strongly convex anteriorly and concave 

 posteriorly than those of any other Atlantic member of the genus. 



26. Prepared by AI. Pflueger. 27. Contributed by Stewart Springer. 



