Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 375 



Apparently its migrations between its southern wintering and northern summering 

 grounds on the Atlantic coast of the United States are comparatively direct, for it has 

 never been reported in so great abundance anywhere along the intervening sector, although 

 it is occasionally taken on the coast of Delaware, and in some numbers in autumn in Chesa- 

 peake Bay." Although our Study Material includes one October specimen from the Vir- 

 ginia coast a few miles south of the entrance to the Bay,"' only occasional specimens, whose 

 identities are well attested, have been taken off North Carolina. Although it must pass and 

 repass the South Carolina coast twice yearly in its seasonal migrations, the only report 

 of it there is by name only."' 



The status of milberti in the Gulf of Mexico and to the southward continues doubtful. 

 The only record of it for the Gulf is a Texan specimen (see Study Material, p. 368) ; so 

 far as we know the only records of it from the Caribbean or West Indies are represented 

 by a pair of jaws from the coast of Nicaragua,"" the head and skin of a Cuban specimen 

 listed above, and a nominal report from Yucatan, with no further clue to identity."^ Nor is 

 it likely that a shark frequenting shoal inshore waters so regularly would have been over- 

 looked throughout the whole of such an extensive area if it occurred there In numbers at all 

 rivaling those that visit the Atlantic coasts of the United States. Hence, a very small (650 

 mm.) specimen taken near Rio de Janeiro"^ seems more likely to have been a stray visitor 

 from the north"^* than a representative of a local southern Brazilian center of population} 

 but it is still possible that it was a representative of such a population. It Is not known from 

 Bermuda. 



Synonyms and References:"" 



I. Western Atlantic: 



Carcharias (Priofwdon) milberti Miiller and Henle, Plagiost., 1841: 38, pi. 19, fig. not numbered (descr., 

 ill., teeth, N. York); Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss., i, 1865: 360 (descr., N. York, Medit.) ; Gunther, Cat. 

 Fish. Brit. Mus., 8, 1870: 363, footnote 5 (ref. only). 



Carcharias ceruleus DeKay, Zool. N. Y., 4., 1842: 349, pi. 61, fig. 200 (descr., ill., N. York to N. Hamp- 

 shire); Baird, Rep. Smithson. Instn. (1854), 9, 1855: 352, extra (N. Jersey, ident. probable because 

 of local abund.) ; Ann. Rep. St. Cab. nat. Hist. N. Y. (1855), 1858:64 (N. York) ; Jordan and Gilbert, 

 Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 16, 1883: 873 (ident. probable from brief descr., New England to Florida); 

 Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 5, 1883: 245 (Gulf of Mexico); Nelson, Rep. St. Geol. N. J., 2 (2), 1890: 

 660 (N. Jersey loc.). 



Lamna caudato DeKay, Zool. N. Y., 4, 1842: 354, pi. 62, fig. 205 (descr., recognizable ill., Rhode Island) ; 

 Linsley, Amer. J. Sci., 47, 1844: 77 (Rhode IsUnd, N. York) ; DeKay, Rep. St. Cab. nat. Hist. N. Y. 

 (1855), 1858: 64 (name only). 



97. For nuirbers caught there, see Hildebrand and Schroeder (Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 4$ [1], 1928: 48). 



98. An earlier record of "milberti" for Virginia (Linton, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 34, 1905: 341) was based on so 

 large a specimen (longer than nine feet) that it may have referred to some other Carcharhinus. 



99. Reported by Gunter (Amer. Midi. Nat., 2* [2], 1942; 28) as entering the Cooper's River and other rivers near 

 Charleston, South Carolina. 



100. Fowler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., y^, 1923: 24. 101. Bean, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 8, 1890: 206. 



102. Ribeiro, Fauna brasil. Peixes, 2 (i) Fasc. i, 1923: 51, pi. 3; identity established by the excellent illustrations. 

 102a. Or its mother may have been the stray visitor, since it cannot have been born long previous to its capture. 



103. Citations for the western and eastern Atlantic are listed separately, since it is still an open question as to whether 

 the Mediterranean form is identical with the American. 



