3o8 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



1901: 377; Bull. N. Y. St. Mus., 60, Zool. p, 1903: 28 (descr., N. York, Virginia, Cuba); Garman, 

 Mem. Harv. Mus. comp. Zool., 36, 1913: 119 (descr.); Fowler, Copeia, 30, 1916: 36 (mid-Atlant., 

 U.S.) ; Radcliffe, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., ^4, 1916: 252, pi. 39, fig. 3 (meas., teeth, N. Carolina) ; Nichols 

 and Murphy, Brooklyn Mus. Sci. Bull., 5 (l), 1916: 17 (N. York, Virginia, Cuba); Breder, Field Bk. 

 Mar. Fish. Atlant. Coast, 1929: 18 (general); Jordan, Manual Vert. Anim. NE. U.S., 1929: 10 (gen- 

 eral); Jordan, Evermann and Clark, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1928), 2, 1930: 15 (N. York, Virginia, 

 Cuba) ; Fowler, BuU. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 70 (i), 1936: 46 (W. Afr.) ; Bere, Amer. Midi. Nat., 17, 

 1936: 604 (W. Florida) ; White, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 74, 1937: 129 (in Key) ; Springer, Proc. 

 Fla. Acad. Sci., 3, 1939: 29 (Florida, off Mississippi); Whitley, Aust. Zool., 9 (3), 1939: 231 (com- 

 parison with brevifinna Miiller and Henle, 1841); Burton, Copeia, 1940: 140 (S. Carolina, size); 

 Hildebrand, Copeia, 1941: 221 (N. Carolina, old record); Norris, Plagiost. Hypophysis, 1941: pi. 18, 

 fig. 72 (brain) ; Lunz, Bull. S. Carolina St. Planning Bd., 14, 1944: 27 (Florida) ; Bigelow and Schroe- 

 der, Guide Comm. Shark Fish., Anglo Amer. Caribb. Comm., Wash., 1945: 126, fig. 45 (descr., range, 

 ill.) ; Fowler, Monogr. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 7, 1945: 159 (Morris I., S. Carolina). 



Carcharias {Afrionodon) isodon Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss., i, 1865: 349 (descr. of type specimen, coast of 

 New York); Rochebrune, Act. Soc. linn. Bordeaux, (4) 6, 1882: 41 ; Faune Senegambie, Poiss., /, 

 188 3- 1885: 18 (Senegambia, size); Metzelaar, Trop. Atlant. Visschen, 1 91 9: 187 (Senegambia). 



Carcharias {Afrionodon) functatus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 8, 1870: 361 (N. York, not Squalus 

 functatus Mitchill, 1 81 5, which probably was Scoliodon terrae-novae ; see p. 292). 



Carchorkinus {Afrionodon) isodon Jordan, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1885), 1887: 796 (W. Indies, accidental 

 on U.S. coast) . 



Genus Negaprion Whitley, 1 940 



Negafrion Whitley, Fish. Aust., i, 1940: iii; type species, Afrionodon acutidens queenslandicus Whitley, 

 Aust. Zool., 9, 1939: 233, Queensland. 



Generic Synonyms: 



Hyfoprion (in part) Poey, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, 1868: 451 ; and subsequent authors; not Hyfofrion 



Muller and Henle, 1 841 . 

 Carcharias (in part) Jordan, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., 4, 1884: 79; Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 7, 1887: 104; not 



Carcharias Rafinesque, 1 8 1 0. 

 Carcharinus (in part) Henshall, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., 9, 1891: 383; not Carcharhinus Blainville, 1816. 

 Afriortodon Whitley, Aust. Zool., 9, 1939: 233, for A. acutidens queenslandicus Whitley; not Afrionodon 



Gill, 1 861. 



Generic Characters. Carcharhinidae with anal not longer at base than 2nd dorsal; 

 without spiracles j midpoint of base of ist dorsal at least as near to axil of pectoral as to 

 origin of pelvics; 2nd dorsal at least % as long at base as ist dorsal; caudal peduncle 

 without lateral ridges; a precaudal pit above but none below; back without mid-dorsal 

 ridge; gill openings relatively large, the longest at least ^/4 as long as snout in front of 

 mouth and more than Yz as long as base of ist dorsal; a labial furrow at comer of mouth 

 and extending outward a very short distance on upper jaw, but none on lower; teeth erect, 

 symmetrical in front of mouth but increasingly oblique toward corners of latter, their 

 cusps smooth-edged, their bases smooth, wavy, or even indistinctly serrate. Characters 

 otherwise those of the family. 



Range. Western Atlantic in tropical and subtropical belt; tropical Indian Ocean j 



