434 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



not the Indo-Pacific form is actually identical with that of the Atlantic remains uncertain, 

 awaiting critical comparison of specimens from the respective seas." 



Occurrence in the Atlantic. It is not yet possible to describe the distribution of tudes 

 in any detail for either side of the Atlantic, because in very few instances have reports of 

 its presence been accompanied by evidence sufficient to establish the actual identity of the 

 particular specimens on which they were based. On the eastern side of the Atlantic its 

 presence is so far positively established only for the Mediterranean, where it has been 

 taken widely, although never in any numbers. It is also reported off the Atlantic coast of 

 Spain, from the Cape Verde and Canary Islands, and from tropical West Africa (Morocco, 

 Senegambia, Gambia). Positive locality records for the western North Atlantic are: French 

 and Dutch Guiana (Cayenne, Surinam); Cuba; western and southeastern Florida; and 

 North Carolina (Cape Lookout and Beaufort, one specimen each). We have no reason to 

 suppose that it accompanies the other Hammerheads in their yearly migration farther 

 north offshore in the Gulf Stream (p. 442). In the opposite direction there is report of it 

 from Brazil (Santos, Pernambuco), from Uruguay, and from northern Argentina. But 

 the only Brazilian record of tudes that is accompanied by an illustration" appears actually 

 to have been based on a specimen of S. diflana (p. 420), while reports of its presence 

 farther south lack any supporting evidence. 



The foregoing, together with the fact that tudes is taken in some numbers off both 

 coasts of southern Florida in summer, although large ones at least are unknown there in 

 winter, marks it as characteristically a tropical species. 



Synonyms and References :'' 



Le Marteau, Duhamel, Traite Gen. Peches, (2) 4 (9), 1777: 303 (in part), pi. 21, fig. 8 (ident. by shape of 

 head) ; Broussonet, Mem. Math. Phys. Acad. Sci. Paris (1780), 1784: 661 (in part, by ref. to Duhamel, 



1777)- 



No species name, Parra, Desc. Piez. Hist. Nat. Havana, 1787: 71, pi. 32 (ident. probable from ill.). 



Squale pantouflier, Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 4° ed., 7, 1798: 167, 261, pi. 7, fig. 3 (ident. from ill., Cay- 

 enne) ; in Sonnini, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 4, 1802: 81 (from Lacepede, 1798). 



Squale Marteau, Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 4° ed., i, 1798: 257 (part, because teeth descr. as serrate, but not 

 pi. 8, fig. 3, which hzygaena). 



Hammer Headed Shark, Shaw, Gen. Zool., 5 (2), 1 804: 354, pi. 154 (ident. from descr. of teeth, and ill., 

 Medit., but report for Indian seas and Tahiti perhaps not this species). 



Squalus tiburo Risso, Ichthyol. Nice, 1810: 35 (ident. by descr. of head and ref. to Lacepede, Squale pantou- 

 flier, as above, Nice, very rare) ; not Squalus tiburo Linnaeus, 1758. 



Zygaena tudes Valenciennes, Mem. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, 9, 1822: 225, pi. 12, fig. i (type descr., ill. of 

 head, Medit., Cayenne, but Coramandel record perhaps not this species) ; Risso, Hist. Nat. Europ. 

 Merid., 5, 1826: 126 (ident. by ref. to Valenciennes, 1822); Bory de St. Vincent, Diet. Class. Hist. 



31. The Zygaena tudes pictured by Philippi (An. Univ. Chile, 7/, 1887: pi. 2, fig. 4.) from Chile vpas actually 

 of the diflana group, to judge from the shape of its head. 



32. Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. nac. Riu di; J., i^, 1907: pi. 5. 



33. Because of the uncertainty as to whether or not sharks reported from the Pacific and Indian Oceans as tudes are 

 actually identical with the Atlantic Hammerhead of that name, the following is limited to citations for the 

 Atlantic. For Indo-Pacific citations of tudes, see Fowler (Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 100 ['iL 1941 : ^n) ^"d Beebe 

 and Tee-Van (Zoologica, N. Y., 26 [2], 1941: 115). 



