Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 435 



Nat., IS, 1829: 596 (ref. to Valenciennes, 1822); Voigt, in Cuvier, Tierreich, 2, 1832: 514 (ref. to 

 Valenciennes, 1822); Agassiz, L., Poiss. Foss., 3, 1835-1843: 91, pi. E, fig. 8 (teeth); Yarrell, Brit. 

 Fish., 2, 1841 : 507, 508, fig. I (ill. after Valenciennes, 1822) ; Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 8, 1870: 

 382 (refs. in synon., but ident. of descr. specs, doubtful because of long prcnarial groove) ; Moreau, Hist. 

 Nat. Poiss. France, /, 1881: 327 (ident. by descr., Nice, France); Doderlein, Man. Ittiol. Medit., 2, 

 l88i: 50 (ident. by refs., Medit., occur.);'* Perugia, Elenc. Pesc. Adriat., 1881: 53 (name only, Adri- 

 atic) ; Rochebrune, Act. Soc. linn. Bordeaux, (4) 6, 1882: 4; ; Faune Senegambie, Poiss., /, 1 883-188 5: 

 22 (refs. in synon., but ident. of W. Afr. specs, doubtful) ; Belloc, Rev. des Trav. Peches Marit., 7(2), 

 1934: 133 (ill. head), 134 (Morocco to Senegal; Canaries). 



Sfhyrnichthys zygaena Thiencmann, Lehrb. Zool., 5, 1828: 408 (general, ident. probable because teeth 

 descr. as "gezahnelte"). 



Sfhyrna malleus L. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., 3, 1835-1843: 12, 13, pi. E, fig. 7, pi. N, fig. 8 (ident. probable 

 because teeth serrate). 



Sfhyma tudes Miiller and Henle, Plagiost., 1841: 53 (ident. from ref. to Valenciennes, 1822, Cayenne, but 

 Coramandel record perhaps some other species); Bonaparte, Cat. Pesc. Europ., 1846: 18 (name only, 

 ident. from included refs.); Canestrini, in Cornalia, et a!., F.iuna d'ltal., 5, 1871-1872: 47 (ident. by 

 inference, Nice) ; Doderlein, Atti Accad. Palermo, N. S. 6, 1878: 30 (name only, Sicily) ; Jordan, Rep. 

 U.S. Comm. Fish. (1885), 1887: 797 (name only, Europ., W. Indies, but trop. Pacif. ref. perhaps not 

 this species); Carus, Prod. Fauna Medit., 2, 1 889-1 893: 544 (name only, Medit.) ;*' Ribeiro, Arch. 

 Mus. nac. Rio de J., /.;, 1907: 201 (synon. in part, but not S. tudes, p. 157, pi. 5, which appears to 

 be diflana, see p. 41;); Rey, Fauna Iberica Peces, 1, 1928: 365, fig. 2 (head, after Valenciennes, 

 1822, Spain) ; Borri, Atti Soc. tosc. Sci. nat., 44, 1934: 91 (name only, Lagos, W. Afr.) ; Fowler, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., yo (l), 1936: 64 (ident. from descr. of young, Surinam); Puyo, Bull. Soc. 

 Hist. nat. Toulouse, 70, 1936: 84 (name only, French Guiana); Norman and Eraser, Giant Fishes, 

 1937: 47 (general) ; Springer, Proc. Fla. Acad. Sci., 3, 1939: 32 (first adequate descr. since Valenciennes, 

 1822, size, no. of embryos, occur. SW. Florida) ; Stanford Ichthyol. Bull., 1(5), 1940: 162, 164 (comp. 

 with other species, changes in relative proportions with growth); Proc. Fla. Acad. Sci., 5, I94i- 49 

 (discuss., ill. of sicull) ; Fowler, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., \oo {13), 1 941 : 213 (Atlant. citations in synon., but 

 list of citations of tudes for Indo-Pacific and ident. of described Pacific specs, doubtful) ; Arqu. Zool. 

 Estado Sao Paulo, 3, 1942: 129 (listed, Brazil) ; Lunz, Bull. S. Carolina St. Planning Bd., 14, 1944: 27 

 (listed, Florida) ; Bigelow and Schroeder, Guide Comm. Sharic Fish., Anglo Amer. Caribb. Comm., 

 Wash., 1945: 138, fig. 51 (descr., range, ill.); Fowler, Monogr. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 7, 1945: 97 

 (Beaufort, N. Carolina). 



Sfhyrna chiereghini Nardo, Sinon. Modern. Spec, descr. Pesci St. Chiereghin, 1847: III (name); Atti 1st. 

 veneto., (3) 4, i860: 787 (name only, Medit.); Perugia, Cat. Pesc. Adriat., 1866: 7 (name only, 

 Adriatic). 



Sfhyrnias tudes Gray, List Fish. Brit. Mus., 1851: 50. 



Cestracion {Zygaena) tudes Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss., i, 1865: 384 (descr. from Valenciennes, 1822, Nice, 

 Algiers, Cayenne, Demerara? ). 



Squalus zygaena de la Blanchcre, Diet. Peches, 1868: 499 (at least part, because teeth descr. as "dentelees"). 



Cestracion tudes Ninni, Revist. Critica Pesc. Adriat. descr. Chiereghini, 1872: 10 (not seen) ; Garman, Mem. 

 Mus. comp. Zool. Harv., 36, 1913: 1 59 (synonymy, but Brazilian spec, descr. is S. bigelotvi, see p. 414). 



Sfhyrna [Platysqualus) tudes Joidm and Evermann, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1895), 1896: 217 (name, W. 

 Indies, Medit., but ref. to Gulf of Calif, and Indian Ocean perhaps not this species) ; Bull. U.S. nat. 

 Mus., 47 (1), 1896: 44 (refs., descr., Medit., W. Indies, but ref. to Gulf of Calif, and Indian Ocean 

 perhaps not this species) . 



Cestracion zygaena Radcliffe, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 34, 1916: 263 in part, pi. 3, fig. 2 (ident. by descr. of 

 teeth of ill. spec, as serrate, 12-ft. 6-in. spec, Beaufort, N. Carolina). 



Sfhyrna zygaena Coles, Copeia, 69, 1919: 41 in part, pi. 3, fig. 2 (ident. by shape of head in photo, of i 3-ft. 

 lO-inch female, C. Lookout, N. Carolina and meas. of same) ; not Sjualus zygaena Linnaeus, 1758. 



34. See Doderlein for additional Mediterranean locality records in publications not accessible to us. 



35. See Carus for additional Mediterranean records in publications not accessible to us. 



