122 BASAL GRANULE OF FLAGELLUM 



of the axonemes and flagella remain with one group and some with the 

 other. There seems to be no regularity in their distribution. Those 

 blepharoplasts which have no axonemes then form new ones. Very 

 frequently, before the blepharoplast has actually divided, a new axoneme 

 grows out from the part of the elongating blepharoplast which will become 

 one of the daughter blepharoplasts. It may happen that the new axoneme 

 actually passes into the cytoplasmic sheath of the old flagellum, so that 

 finally longitudinal splitting of the flagellum occurs. In such a case 

 division of the sheath of the flagellum alone takes place. It seems highly 

 probable that in no case does an axoneme itself divide longitudinally. A 

 new axoneme is invariably formed as a result of the outgrowth from the 

 daughter blepharoplast. In cultures of Leishmania the flagellum is formed 

 by outgrowth of the axoneme, which can usually be detected in properly 

 stained specimens of the parasites as they occur in tissues (Fig. 192). 



Certain structures other than axonemes take origin in granules, which 

 are usually regarded as blepharoplasts. Thus, the two fibres which border 

 the cytostomal groove in CJiiloynastix arise each from a granule or blepharo- 

 plast (Fig. 69). Similarly, the basal fibre of the undulating membrane in 

 Trichomonas originates in a blepharoplast, and when division occurs a 

 second basal fibre grows out from one of the daughter blepharoplasts into 

 which the original one has divided. The axostyle of Trichoynonas likewise 

 arises from the blepharoplasts (Fig. 26). The writer (1907), as well as 

 Kofoid and Swezy (1915, 1915a), describes the axostyle as splitting 

 longitudinally during division of Trichomonas muris and other species. 

 Dobell (1909) stated that the new axostyles in T. batrachorum are formed 

 from the two halves of the divided paradesmose, which connects the 

 daughter blepharoplasts during division. Kuczynski (1914, 1918) claims 

 that the old axostyle degenerates, and that new ones are formed as out- 

 growths from the daughter blepharoplasts, while the paradesmose dis- 

 appears. Wenrich (1921) has described a similar origin for the new 

 axostyles in Trichomonas 7nuris (Figs. 271 and 272). 



A great variety of fibres directly or indirectly connected with the 

 blepharoplasts have been stated to occur in flagellates. Thus, Schaudinn 

 (1904) describes numerous structures of this kind in Trypanosotna noctucc, 

 Prowazek (1903, 1904) in Trypanosoma lewisi and in Herpetomonas 

 tnuscarum,, while McCulloch (1915) figures a very complicated system of 

 fibres in Crithidia leptocoridis (Fig. 154). It seems that the majority, 

 if not all, of these are accidental structures, which cannot be considered 

 as definite organs of the normal flagellates. Whether the marginal fibres 

 of the cytostomal groove of Chilomastix, the basal fibre of the undulating 

 membrane, and the axostyle of TricAomowas, and other similar structures 

 which are connected with blepharoplasts, are to be homologized with 



