GENUS: VAHLKAMPFIA 179 



appear in stale faeces, and have been cultivated from stools on agar plates. 

 A large number have been named, but it is very doubtful if these are 

 all distinct species. 



Dangeard (1910) described as Atnceba punctata a form of this type 

 which had cysts with punctate markings. It was studied by Chatton 

 and Lalung-Bonnaire (1912), who obtained it from human faeces. They 

 placed it in a new genus as Vahlkampfia 'punctata. The punctate markings 

 strongly suggest the pores in the cysts of Diynastig amoeba gruberi. 



Hartmann (1907a) gave the name Amceba froschi to an amoeba 

 showing the same type of nuclear division which he had seen in the faeces 

 of frogs, and the name Amoeba lacertce to a similar form in the intestinal 

 contents of lizards of the genus Lacerta. Both these forms were studied 

 by Nagler (1909). The form described by Dobell (1914a) as Amoeba 

 lacertce, which also occurred in the intestinal contents of lizards, differed 

 as regards the details of its nuclear division from the form studied by 

 Hartmann and Nagler. Hartmann (1914) accordingly renamed the form 

 studied by Dobell Amoeba {V ahlkaynpjia) dobelli. Caullery (1906) gave 

 the name Amoeba padophthora to an amoeba which parasitized the eggs 

 of the marine crustacean Peltogaster curvatus, while Chatton (1909) 

 described, under the name Amoeba mucicola, an amoeba which was parasitic 

 on the gills of a marine fish. Epstein and Ilovaisky (1914) gave the name 

 Vahlkampfia ranarum to a large amoeba, reaching 50 microns in diameter, 

 which they found in the intestine of frogs. Mackinnon (1914) saw an 

 amoeba, which she referred to as Vahlkampfia sp., in the intestine of the 

 larva3 of the crane-fly, Tipula sp. An amoeba, which was cultivated by 

 Whitmore (1911a) from human faeces, liver-abscess pus, and tap water 

 in Manila, and referred to as Amoeba liynax, was placed in the genus 

 Vahlkampfia as V. whitmorei by Hartmann and Schilling (1917). The 

 amoeba described by Porter (1909a) as Amoeba chironomi, from chiro- 

 nomous larvae, is possibly of the same type, though the nuclear division 

 was not described. Hogue (1921) recorded 7. patuxent from the stomach 

 of oysters in America. 



In addition to the above-mentioned forms, which have a certain 

 association with higher animals, a number of free-living species have been 

 named. Nagler (1909) described Amoeba spinifera, A. lacustris, and 

 A. albida ; Aragao (1909), A. diplomitotica ; Glaser (1912), A. tachypodia ; 

 Belaf (1915), A. diplogena ; Jollos (1917), Vahlkampfia magna, V. debelis, 

 and F. sp.; and Hogue (1914), Vahlkampfia calkensi. Glaser (1912) 

 described the nuclear division of Ehrenberg's Avnoeba verrucosa as being of 

 the Vahlkampfia type. An amoeba first seen by Molisch (1903), and later 

 by Zacharias (1909), is parasitic on Volvox, while another. Amoeba bloch- 

 manni (Doflein, 1901), first noted by Blochmann (1886), is parasitic on 



