226 FAMILY: AMGEBIDvE 



1-4), and the other like E. histolytica, with cysts containing four nuclei 

 and chromatoid bodies (Fig. 104, 5-8). Employing the generic name 

 Loschia proposed for the entamoebse of man by Chatton and Lalung- 

 Bonnaire (1912), he named these forms L. legeri and L. duboscqi respec- 

 tively. Prowazek (1912a), however, had previously described and named 

 E. iiitheci, a form which he had seen in an orang-outang and which 

 resembled E. coli, though, according to Dobell (1919), he was probably 

 dealing with more than one species. Swellengrebel (1914) gave the name 

 E. chattoni to an amoeba seen by him in Macacus rhesus. It was of the 

 E. histolytica type. Behrend (1914) observed cysts in the faeces of a 

 Macacus rhesus. They varied in diameter from 8 to 25 microns, some 

 having four and others eight nuclei. Macfie (1915a) also saw amoebae 

 in a monkey {Cercopithecus petaurista) of West Africa. It was associated 

 with dysentery, of which Macfie judged it to be the cause. He named it 

 Entamoeba cercopitheci. Eichhorn and Gallagher (1916) recorded an out- 

 break of amoebic dysentery amongst spider monkeys [Ateles ater) in 

 America. The amoeba is referred to as Amoeba ateles by these authors 

 and as Entamoeba ateles by Suldey (1924). 



McCarrison (1919) stated that monkeys employed by him in nutrition 

 experiments in India were very liable to attacks of amoebic dysentery. 

 Bach (1923) described the cysts and free forms of an amoeba of the E. his- 

 tolytica type which he discovered in a Macacus rhesus which had been 

 in captivity in Germany for sixteen years. Suldey (1924) has described 

 a case of spontaneous amoebic dysentery in the chimpanzee. The amoeba 

 had all the characters of E. histolytica. Amoebae of this type have been 

 seen by Kessel (1924a) in monkeys in China. 



Most of the observations on the amoebae of monkeys have been casual 

 ones, so that the descriptions given do not necessarily represent the normal 

 appearance of the healthy amoebae. It is evident that monkeys may 

 harbour two forms — one, E. pitheci Prowazek, 1912 {=E. legeri Mathis 

 and Mercier, 1917), which resembles E. coli; and the other, E. nuttalli 

 Castellani, 1908 {= Loschia duboscqi Mathis, 1913= £'. chattoni Swel- 

 lengrebel, 1914:=E. cercopitheci Macfie, 1918 =£". ateles Suldey, 1924), 

 which resembles E. histolytica. The latter is liable to produce amoebic 

 dysentery and abscess of the liver. It is open to question if these forms 

 are really distinct from E. coli and E. histolytica. 



Mello (1923) in Italy has found that species of Macacus harbour either 

 E. pitheci or E. nuttalli. The latter is often associated with dysentery, and 

 the injection of its cysts per rectmn produced dysentery in three kittens, 

 which passed large numbers of amoebae. In a young orang-outang an 

 amoeba of another type is described. It measured 25 to 35 microns, and 

 its mature cyst had eight nuclei. It differed from E. pitheci chiefly in 



