372 FAMILY: TRYPANOSOMIDiE 



Patton (1921) reports having found H. mirahilis in various flies in 

 Madras. He has seen it in Lucilia argyricephala, L. craggii, Chrysomyia 

 (Pycnosoma) megalocephala, and C. albiceps {Pycnosoma putorium). The 

 cycle of development in L. argyricephala is described as follows. In the 

 larvse the growth of rounded leishmania forms into leptomonas forms 

 and finally into the elongate cercoplasma forms was noted. The flagel- 

 lates persist in the pupse, and appear in the adult flies. Here in the 

 hind-gut the leptomonas forms become transformed into flagellates 

 of the trypanosome type. The nucleus becomes elongated, while the 

 kinetoplast passes backwards to a point near the posterior end of the body. 

 The trypanosome stage having been reached, the flagellates become 

 shorter, and, finally, rounded leishmania or post-flagellate forms are 

 produced. It is by ingestion of these that the larvae and, presumably, 

 the adults become infected. It is possible that this flagellate represents 

 one of the phases of development of H. muscarum. 



Another flagellate, which Roubaud places in his genus Cercoplasma, 

 is Herpetomo.nas caulleryi (Roubaud, 1911). This was found in Auchme- 

 romyia luteola in the French Sudan. It agrees with the two forms 

 H. mirahilis and H. mesnili as regards the various small forms, but the 

 giant forms were not seen. The flagellate discovered by Roubaud (1912c) 

 in a species of Drosophila in the French Sudan, and named by him Cerco- 

 plasma droso])hilw, is probably identical with one of the species of Herpeto- 

 monas described by Chatton from D. confusa (see below). All these 

 flagellates were limited to the intestinal tract of the flies. 



Swingle (1911) has described large giant forms of Herpetomonas lineata 

 of Sacrophaga sarracenice in North America. In this case the longest forms 

 may even reach a length of 385 microns, and, like Roubaud's giants, there 

 is a swollen anterior end containing nucleus and kinetoplast, and a very 

 long drawn-out post-nuclear region. The flagellum is short, a fact which 

 would suggest that they are normally attached to the gut epithelium. As 

 in H. mirahilis, the giant leptomonas forms were associated with flagellates 

 of the trypanosome and other types. This form, again, may be a phase 

 of H. muscarum. 



Roubaud's Genus Cystotrypanosoma. 



The genus Cystotryjxinosoma was proposed by Roubaud (1911) for 

 flagellates which have the trypanosome structure, and which produce 

 cysts in the rectum of the flies. Of this type is a flagellate he found in the 

 intestine of a species of Lucilia, probably L. sericata, at Bamako in the 

 French Sudan. Ordinary trypanosome forms occur which in the rectum 

 become smaller and doubled as a U, and by a fusion of the limbs there is 

 produced an ovoid body which encysts. Larger forms of the rhyn- 



