388 FAMILY: TRYPANOSOMID^ 



probably play a part in the transmission of the flagellates, a view with which 

 Fran9a (1922) disagrees. In a later paper Franchini (1922^) states that he 

 has found the flagellate in flies {Anthomyia maculata) taken off the plants. 



Strong (1924) has published an account of experiments conducted 

 with the flagellates of Euphorbias in Central America. He has shown 

 that the coreid bug Chariesterus cuspidatus infects itself from the Euphor- 

 bias, on the juices of which it feeds. It was also noted that certain lizards 

 {Cnemidophorus letnniscatus) which fed upon insects harboured in the 

 posterior portion of the intestine a flagellate indistinguishable from 

 that of the bugs. It was evidently of interest to investigate the con- 

 nection between these flagellates and those of cutaneous leishmaniasis 

 which occurred in the district. Monkeys, dogs, guinea-pigs and mice 

 were inoculated intraperitoneally and subcutaneously with the flagellates 

 from the plants, bugs, and lizards. All these experiments were entirely 

 negative as regards the production of generalized or local infections, 

 except in one monkey inoculated subcutaneously on the abdomen with 

 flagellates from the lizard, in which a papule appeared on the eighth day. 

 It increased in size, and finally ulcerated. On the sixteenth day, definite 

 leishmania were discovered in the lesion, and these were found to be 

 numerous in sections of the ulcer, which was removed when the animal 

 was killed on the twenty-fourth day. As no similar lesions resulted from 

 inoculation of the flagellates from the plants or the bugs, it is concluded 

 that the flagellates had become capable of infecting the skin of the monkey 

 as a result of their modification in the intestine of the lizard. As pointed 

 out above, the proof that the flagellate of the bug is identical with that 

 of the lizard was not obtained. In the light of the observations of Franya, 

 Galli-Valerio, and Strong, it is interesting to recall the fact that several 

 observers, as noted above (p. 370), have recorded the presence of flagellates 

 in the salivary glands of plant bugs. 



Of these plant flagellates, Fran9a (1921) recognizes three species, 

 which are said to differ as regards the dimensions of the fully-grown 

 leptomonas forms. He notes that the Euphorbia flagellate of Portugal 

 may be distinct from Lafont's original form from Mauritius. Should this 

 prove correct, he suggests the name Leptomonas lafonti. The dimensions 

 in microns of the leptomonas forms of the three species of Phytomonas, 

 as given by Fran9a (1921) are shown in the table below (p. 389). It must 

 be admitted, however, that much more extensive observations will have to 

 be made before they can be accepted as indicating specific distinctions. 

 Fantham (1925) proposes the name Herpetomonas ficuurn for a flagellate 

 of Ficu$,edulis. 



It has been noted above (p. 335), that Fran9a (1920a) believes that 

 flagellates, «!f the genera Herpetomonas and Leptomonas can be distin- 



