TRYPANOSOMA VIVAX 565 



As demonstrated by Fehlandt (1911), and by Bruce et al. (1913/, 1914e), 

 T. cajprcB is transmitted by Glossina morsitans. Bruce et al. (19146) also 

 effected transmission by means of G. brevipalpis. There is no stomach 

 phase of development in the fly, the whole cycle taking place in the labial 

 cavity and hypopharynx. Bruce and his co-workers (1913) found that 

 IM per cent, of the wild game harboured this trypanosome. 



Trypanosoma uniforme Bruce ei al., 1911. — This trypanosome was first 

 studied and named by Bruce et al. (1911a) in Uganda. It is a small form 

 of the T. vivax type (Fig. 232, C, and Plate V., d, p. 456). Its movements, 

 though vigorous, cannot be compared with those of T. vivax. The anterior 

 part of the body does not show the same degree of narrowing as in T. vivax, 

 so that there is not so great a contrast between the width of the body 

 anterior and posterior to the nucleus. The post-nuclear region of the body, 

 however, is decidedly bulbous and the posterior end rounded. T. uniforme 

 varies in length from 12 to 19 microns, with an average of 16 microns. 

 The width is from 1-5 to 2-5 microns. The kinetoplast is well developed 

 and near the posterior extremity. The membrane is distinct, though 

 narrow, and there is a fiagellum 2 to 5 microns in length. 



Like T. vivax and T. caprce, this trypanosome affects cattle, sheep, and 

 goats, but is not inoculable to the smaller animals. The animals infected 

 usually die in about thirty to sixty days. 



Glossina palpalis was shown by Fraser and Duke (1912c) in Uganda to 

 be the carrier of T. uniforme. The development is confined to the proboscis, 

 as in T. vivax and T. caprce. Flies do not become infective till twenty- 

 seven to thirty-seven days after feeding. It was also shown that the 

 trypanosome was harboured by antelope on the lake shore in Uganda. 

 It was the only trypanosome isolated from wild animals, including thirty- 

 two lake-shore antelope, though the G. palpalis of the area examined were 

 known to be infected with T. gambiense and T. vivax. A healthy goat 

 was fed upon by 1,020 flies collected on the lake shore. The animal first 

 showed T. uniforfue in its blood, and some days later T. vivax also. 



It will be noted that the three trypanosomes, T. vivax, T. caprce, and 

 T. uniforme resemble one another very closely. They difEer only in their 

 average dimensions. It is open to question whether they represent 

 distinct species or should be regarded as merely varieties or races of T. vivax. 



2. PATHOGENIC TRYPANOSOMES TRANSMITTED BY SPECIES OF TABANUS 

 OR OTHER BLOOD-SUCKING ARTHROPODA. MONOMORPHIC TRY- 

 PANOSOMES PROVIDED WITH FLAGELLA. 



The trypanosomes included in this group are placed provisionally 

 amongst the forms which develop in the anterior station in the invertebrate. 

 In no case, however, have the details of the development been worked out. 



