674 FAMILY: TRICHOMONADID^ 



E. batrachorum was described in detail by Dobell (1909) and E. serpentis 

 by Kofoid and Swezy (1915a). In the latter case, multiplication by binary 

 fission, as also by multiple segmentation with the production of eight 

 daughter individuals, is described, as noted by these authors in the case of 

 species of Trichomo?ias (p. 666). Dobell (1909) described the encysted 

 forms of E. hatrachormn and T. batrachorum as small ovoid bodies measuring 

 6'5 by 5 microns. They bear a striking resemblance to the cysts of species 

 of Embadomonas (Fig. 255, 14-19). The writer on one occasion obtained 

 a culture of an Embadomonas from the rectum of the common English 

 frog. The encysted forms corresponded very closely with those described 

 by Dobell, so that it seems very probable that the supposed cysts of 

 E. batrachorum and T, batrachorum actually belonged to undetected Emba- 

 domonas. Working with E. lacertce, Eeichenow (1918, 19206) noted that 

 the flagellate sometimes invaded the intestinal wall, body cavity, and even 

 the blood-stream of the lizards (Lacerta), and that the mites {Liponyssus 

 saurarum) which suck their blood become infected with the same flagellate 

 (Figs. 277, 458). In mites which have a second feed of blood, the flagel- 

 lates multiply rapidly and increase in size. They occur in numbers in large 

 vacuoles in the lining cells of the intestine. It was demonstrated by 

 Reichenow that the mites can remain infected for at least thirteen days, 

 and he succeeded in infecting a newly hatched Lacerta muralis by feeding it 

 on infected mites. In this connection it is interesting to note that Chatton 

 (1918a) obtained a culture of a species of Eutrichotnastix from the heart 

 blood of the North African gecko, Tarentola mauritanica. These cultures, 

 which contained bacteria in addition to flagellates, were maintained 

 indefinitely in subculture. 



As in the case of the genus Trichomonas, numbers of species of Eutrichomastix 

 have been given names. Tricliomastix liominis, described by Chatterjee (1917rO» 

 is probably a small form of Chilomastix mesnili (see p. 3C6), and it seems probable 

 that some of the forms ascribed to the genus really belong to Trichomonas, the 

 posterior flagellum having become detached from the undulating membrane. 



E. ruminantium (Braune, 1913) occurs in the rumen of cattle, while in fowls is 

 found E. galUnarum (Martin and Kobertson, 1911). Kotlan (1923) has described 

 this species from ducks, while Da Cunha and Muniz (1925) have named three species 

 from Brazilian birds. E. caviw (Grassi, 1881) is parasitic in the caecum of the 

 guinea-pig. Yakimoff, Wassilewsky, Korniloff, and Zwietkoff (1921) give the name 

 E. caviw var. rossica to a form seen by them in the guinea-pig, and which is un- 

 doubtedly identical with E. cavice. Fonseca (1916) records E. caviw from the wild 

 guinea-pig {Oavia aperea) and the aguti [Basyprocta aguti) of Brazil. In reptiles 

 there are several named species, all of which may belong to the form E. lacertce 

 (Biitschli, 1844), Avhich was redescribed by Prowazek (1904o) from species of Lacerta 

 and by Franchini (1921«) from Lacerta ocellata. E. vipcrw (Leger, 1904) occurs in 

 Vipera aspis and E. serpentis (Dobell, 1907) in Boa constrictor. E. mabuiw (Dobell, 

 1910) occurs in the Ceylon lizards, Hemidactylus leschenaulti and Mahuia carinata, 

 and E. saurii (Fonseca, 1917) in a Brazilian lizard, AmphisJ)W)ia sp. E. batrachorum 



