LEISHMANIA IN ANIMALS 439 



of L. tropica, and were able to recover the organism by cultures of heart 

 blood even after the expiry of twelve days. Pittaluga and Buen (1917) 

 in Spain, and Laveran and Franchini (1921a) in Italy, have examined 

 specimens of T. mauritanica by the culture method, and have found 

 them infected with L. tarentolce. Laveran and Franchini state that the 

 living flagellates were actually observed in the blood, but in most cases 

 the presence of the organism was demonstrated by the culture method 

 only. Cultures of the trypanosomes were also obtained. Franchini 

 (192k/) states that a further examination of these lizards has shown 

 that the flagellate may occur in the rectum and cloaca in the lepto- 

 monas and leishmania form. 



By feeding bed bugs on geckos, Chatton and Blanc (1918a) obtained 

 a temporary development of L. tarentolce in the stomachs of the bugs. 



Leishmania henrici (Leger, 1918).— This organism, discovered by M. 

 Leger (19186), and named by him Leptomonas henrici, was present in the 

 blood of two out of thirty lizards (Genus Anolis) examined in Martinique. 

 The body of the flagellate measured 15 to 16 microns in length and 4 to 5 

 microns in breadth. The flagellum was longer than the body. Leish- 

 mania forms were also seen, but more rarely. Leger subsequently found 

 that over half the lizards harboured what was apparently the same organism 

 in the rectum, so that there had probably been an invasion of the blood 

 and organs from the intestine. The flagellate probably originates from 

 some insect upon which the lizards feed, a fact which indicates how a 

 leishmania infection may arise from an insect flagellate first becoming 

 established in the intestine of the vertebrate. It opens up the possibility 

 of L. donovani infecting man by way of the intestinal tract. 



Leishmania chamaeleonis Wenyon, 1921. --A typical leptomonas flagel- 

 late was observed by Bayon (1915) in the cloaca of Chamceleon pumilus 

 of Robben Island. What was undoubtedly the same organism was 

 discovered by the writer (1921) in Egypt in C. vulgaris. The flagellate 

 was present in the cloaca in enormous numbers, where they lived in the 

 mucus or invaded the lumen of the glands (Fig. 194). Intracellular forms 

 were not seen, nor were cultures obtained from the heart blood. The 

 measurements given by Bayon are incorrect, as the writer, who saw his 

 preparations, can testify. The flagellate has a body about 15 microns 

 in length, and the flagellum is slightly longer than this (Fig. 195). The 

 width of the body in the long forms w^as about 3 microns. From these 

 long flagellates may be traced a series of gradually diminishing individuals 

 of varying size and shape, till minute round forms barely 2 microns in 

 diameter are produced. 



The last have relatively long flagella. Others are devoid of flagella 

 and have the leishmania form, and some oval bodies with deeply staining 



