Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 141 



Range and Abundance. The Bonefish is known from virtually all warm seas. On 

 the Atlantic coast of America it is plentiful around southern Florida, among the 

 northern Bahamas, and around Bermuda. But its area of chief abundance evidently 

 does not reach much farther to the north, for it is rare even at Beaufort, North 

 Carolina. However, odd specimens have been reported for the vicinity of New York 

 (2: 183), Newport, Rhode Island {68: 74), the vicinity of Woods Hole, Massachu- 

 setts {^j: 741), and perhaps even Charlotte County, New Brunswick, at the mouth 

 of the Bay of Fundy (ftn. 15). 



To the south it is present more or less regularly in the West Indies and on 

 the Atlantic coast of Panama, though it does not seem to be numerous; it is known 

 from as far south as Rio de Janeiro. On the Pacific coast of America it has been re- 

 ported as occurring from San Francisco Bay, California, to Talara, Peru. 



Synonyms and References ;!' 



Esox vulpes Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. lo, 1758: 313 (orig. descr.; based on Vulpes bahamensts Catesby, pre- 



Linnaean; type local. Bahamas; no type specimen). 

 Albula s. Salmo albula (nee Salmo albula Linnaeus) Meuschen, in Gronow, Zoophyl., J, 1781 : index, unpaged 



(on ^''Albula'' Gronow; type local. Mediterranean; t\pe lost). 

 Clupea brasiliensis Bloch and Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol., 1801: 427 (orig. descr. ; t}-pe local. Brazil; based on 



Marcgrave's mss. in Berlin). 

 Albula conorhynchus Bloch and Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol., 1801: 432, pi. 86 (orig. descr.; based on Gronow, 



Plumier, and Marcgrave; no special tj'pe local, except Medit. and .'\mer.); Giinther, Cat. Fish. 



Brit. Mus., 7, 1868: 468 (descr., synon., Amer. locals. — West Indies, Jamaica, Belize, Puerto Cabello, 



Bahia, Natal, and Pacif. est. of Centr. Amer.); Yarrow, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 1877: 215 (Ft. 



Macon, North Carolina). 

 Albula plumieri Bloch and Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol., 1 801 : pi. 86 (name on plate only; lapsus for conorhynchus). 

 Amia immaculata Bloch and Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol., 1801: 451 (orig. descr., after Macabi Parra [1787: 



88, pi. 35, fig., nonbinomial]; tj'pe local. S. Amer.). 

 Clupea macrocephala Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 5, 1803: 426 (orig. descr.; t}'pe local. Martinique; after 



Plumier fig.). 

 Glossodus forskali Agassiz, in Spix and Agassiz, Pise. Brasil, 1829: 49; called EngrauHs serkus on pi. 23 and 



E. bahiensis on pi. 24, fig. 2 (orig. descr.; type local. Bahia, Brazil; t\'pe probably in Munich). 

 Albula parrae Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ig, 1846: 339 (orig. descr.; type local. Bahia and Rio 



de Janeiro, Brazil; type in Paris). 

 Butirinus vulpes Storer, Synop. Fish. N. Amer., 1846: 212 (diagn., refs.). 

 Albula rostrata Gronow, Cat. Fish., Gray ed., 1854: 189 (orig. descr.; type locals. Amer. and Indian oceans, 



Medit. Sea; type probably in London). 

 Conorhynchus plumieri Poey, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, 2, 1867: 423 (descr., Cuba). 

 Albula vulpes Jordan and Gilbert, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 16, 1883 : 258 (descr., range); Bean, Bull. U.S. Fish 



Comm. (1888), 8, 1890: 206 (not uncommon at Cozumel, Yucatan); Collins and Smith, Bull. U.S. 



Fish Comm. (1891), 11, 1892: 104 (commerc. catch. Gulf coast, Florida, 1890); Eigenmann, Proc. 



U.S. nat. Mus. (1892), J5, 1893: 135 (not abund. at San Diego, California); Henshall, Bull. U.S. Fish 



Comm. (1894), J./, 1895: 211 (common at keys, passes, inlets of s. Florida, good food and game fish); 



Lonnberg, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Forh., 9, 1895: 662 (Cape Haitien, Haiti); Jordan and Ever- 



mann, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 47 (-T), 1896: 411; 47 ('^), 1900: fig. 179 (descr., range, synon.); Jordan 



and Rutter, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 1897: 94 (Jamaica); Smith, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. (1897), IJ, 



1898: 91 (rare at Woods Hole, Massachusetts); Evermann and Kendall, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1899), 



1900: 55 (Florida); Gilbert, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 2, 1900: 163 (Pernambuco and Maceio, Brazil); 



17. Literature dealing with American specimens only, or in part, is cited. It does not seem necessary to cite Old 

 World references here. 



