Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 155 



count; if directed downward, it was counted with the lower limb count. Rarely, the 

 raker at the angle has two roots, one directed upward and one downward; in such 

 cases it was included with the lower limb count. 



Vertebrae: total number, including hypural, as determined by dissections. 



Genus Anchovia Jordan and Evermann 1896 



Anchovia Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 47(1), 1896: 449; type species by original designa- 

 tion, Engraulh macrolepidotus Kner and Steindachner 1864. 



Characters. Body in adults compressed, its depth about 2.6—3.8 in SL. Scales 

 firm, rather adherent. Teeth small, not disappearing with age. Gill rakers numerous, 

 increasing in number with age, about 40 on lower limb in young, 100 or more in 

 large specimens. Anal origin somewhere under anterior 66 "/o of dorsal base. Verte- 

 brae 41—43. 



Size. A length of 175 mm and upward is attained by most of the species. 



Species. The genus Anchovia is represented in the Atlantic by A. clupeoides and 

 A. nigra, and in the Pacific by three species. 



Range. In the Atlantic, from the West Indies southward to or beyond Pernambuco 

 (Recife), Brazil, and in the Pacific from the Gulf of California to Ecuador. 



Key to Species of the Western Atlantic 



I a. Insertion of pelvic fins about equidistant between base of upper ray of pectoral 

 fin and origin of anal; snout projecting beyond mandible by about half its length; 

 anal fin with 30-35 rays, most frequently with ^'i'l vertebrae 42 or 43. 



clupeoides (Swainson) 1839, below. 

 I b. Insertion of pelvic fins nearer to base of upper rays of pectoral fin than to origin 

 of anal; snout projecting beyond mandible by about 67"/o of its length; anal fin 

 with 28-32 rays, most frequently with 29-31; vertebrae 39-41. 



nigra Schultz 1949, p. 158. 



Anchovia clupeoides (Swainson) 1839 



Sardina Boca Torta, Boc6n, Hachudo 



Figure 25 



Study Material. At least 29 specimens, 75-205 mm TL, from: Puerto Rico; 

 Jamaica; Cuba; Trinidad; several places on the Atlantic coast of Panama; the Gulf 

 of Venezuela; Laguna de Tacarigua, Venezuela; and Para, Rio Grande do Norte, and 

 Pernambuco (Recife), Brazil. Some small specimens, 48 mm TL and upward, are at 



