2o6 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



coast of Panama. However, there are species quite intermediate between the type species 

 of Amplova {halboae) and that of Anchoviella (j>erfasciala). For that reason Amplova was 

 reduced to subgeneric rank (j: io8). 



The very short maxillary in some species of Anchoviella furnishes a near transition 

 from the Engraulidae to the Clupeidae; but other family characters, such as the pro- 

 jecting snout and the anteriorly more-or-less embedded and widely separated premaxil- 

 laries, remain as in other Engraulidae. 



Range and Habitat. The genus seems to be restricted to the two coasts of America, 

 ranging in the Atlantic from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, at least to southern Brazil, 

 and in the Pacific from southern California to northern Peru. Most of the species enter 

 fresh water. In fact, several of the South American species from the Atlantic drainage 

 are known only from freshwater lakes and streams, a few of them having been taken 

 a great distance from the sea. 



Key to Species of the Western Atlantic 



I a. Maxillary usually extending beyond posterior rim of orbit by a distance equal to 

 or greater than diameter of pupil. Subgenus Anchoviella. 



2 a. Origin of anal posterior to middle of dorsal base, sometimes entirely behind 

 dorsal; not more than 20 anal rays. 



3 a. Origin of anal clearly posterior to dorsal base, generally under or behind 

 tips of dorsal rays if deflexed; gill rakers 24—28 + 27—33. 

 4a. Longest rays of dorsal failing to reach tip of last ray if deflexed; 

 eye 3.75—4.5 in head, 2.1—2.5 in postorbital; maxillary 15.8— i7.8''/o 

 of SL; postorbital 1 3.8-1 5.5 "/o of SL. 



eurystole (Swain and Meek) 1884, p. 208. 

 4b. Longest rays of dorsal reaching beyond tip of last ray if deflexed; 

 eye 4.4—4.8 in head, 2.5—2.75 in postorbital; maxillary 17.5— i8.7''/o 

 of SL; postorbital 1 5.5-1 5.8 "/o of SL. 



estauquae Hildebrand 1943, p. 211. 

 3b. Origin of anal under or slightly behind base of last 2 or 3 rays of dorsal; 

 gill rakers usually 13—23 + 19-28. 

 5a. Only 9— II anal rays; depth of body less than i4''/o of SL. 



cayennensis (Puyo) 1945, p. 212. 

 5b. 15 anal rays or more; depth of body more than 15% of SL. 

 6a. Pectoral with 14-16 rays; gill rakers 19-23+24-28. 



■perfasciata (Poey) i860, p. 213. 



6b. Pectoral with 11 — 13 rays; gill rakers 18 or fewer on upper 



limb, generally fewer than 25 on lower limb. 



7 a. Gill rakers 13 or 14 + 18 or 19; pectoral failing to reach 



base of pelvic by diameter of eye, 1 1.2— 13.8 "/o of SL, 



1.7—2.0 in head. brevirostris (Giinther) 1868, p. 216. 



