130 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



Croix, "South America"; also several African and oriental locals, that probably are not this species); 

 Yarrow, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 1877: 215 (Ft. Macon, North Carolina); Jordan and Gilbert 

 (part not of Linnaeus), Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 16, 1883: 261 (diagn., range); Goode and Bean, Proc. 

 U.S. nat. Mus. (1885), 8, 1886: 205 (type, a dried skin cut in two pieces, in BMNH in Lin- 

 naean Soc. rooms); Willcox, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. (1886), 6, 1887: 123 (killed by cold, Florida); 

 Henshall, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. (1889), 9, 1891: 373 (leptocephali, Marco, Florida); B. A. Bean, 

 Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 14, 1891 : 93 (Cape Charles, Virginia); Henshall, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. (1894), 

 lA, 1895: 211 (Key West and Tampa, Florida; not as common as Albula\ no econ. import.); Jor- 

 dan and Evermann (part not of Linnaeus), Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 47(x), 1896: 410 (descr., Amer. 

 range includ. Pacif. est., which has distinct species, E. affinis Regan); also 47 (j), 1898: 2806 (confusion 

 of species); also 47(^4), 1900: fig. 178; Jordan and Rutter, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 1897: 94 

 (Jamaica, "sometimes 20 pounds" evidentally an error); Smith, Bull. U.S. Fish Coram. (1897), ly, 

 1898: 90 (common in fall. Woods Hole, Massachusetts); Gunther, Proc. linn. Soc. Lond., 1899: 25 

 (t)-pe in Linnaean Soc. coll.); Evermann and Kendall, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1899), 1900: 54 

 (Florida); Evermann and Marsh, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. (1900), 20 (i), 1902: 81, fig. 1 1 (descr., 

 Puerto Rico); Bean, Bull. N.Y. St. Mus., 60, Zool. 9, 1903: 179 (refs., descr.. New York); Schreiner 

 and Ribiero, Arch. Mus. nac. Rio de J., 12, 1903 : 90 (Caravelas and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Woods Hole, 

 Mass.); Hargraves, Fish. Brit. Guiana, 1906: 6 (local name "Long John"); GiD, Smithson. misc. Coll., 

 48, 1905: 34 (skull figured, range; Elops cf. Megalops)\ Jordan and Thompson, Bull. U.S. Bur. 

 Fish. (1904), 24, 1905: 232 (Tortugas, Florida); Linton, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. (1904), 24, 1905: 352 

 (food, parasites); Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv., 50, 1906: 156 (Gulf of Mexico at Progreso, Yucatan); 

 Smith, N. C. geol. econ. Surv., 2, 1907: 116, fig. 37 (refs., descr., range, North Carolina); Linton, 

 Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. (1907), 33, 1908: 86 (Bermuda); Regan, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) J, 1909: 37 

 (distr. limited to Amer. Atlant. est.; Pacif. est. represent. E.afjinis; Afric. represent. E. senegalensis); 

 Fowler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 63, 191 1 : 204 (Nantucket, Mass.; "South Carolina"; West Palm 

 Beach, Florida; Santo Domingo; doubtfully from Jamaica, and Rio de J., Brazil); Weymouth, Proc. 

 U.S. nat. Mus., 38, 191 1 : 136 (Cameron, Louisiana); Nichols, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 31, 191 2: 

 181 (common in markets, Cuba); Sumner, Osburn, and Cole, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. (1911), 5^(2), 

 1913: 741 (Woods Hole area, Mass.); Starks, Stanf. Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., 1913: 8 (coast of Brazil; 

 Lake Papary, Rio Grande do Norte); Metzelaar, Trop. Atlant. Visschen, 1919: 9 (Curasao, Dutch 

 W. L, unimport. as food); Fowler, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 33, 1920: 147 (Cape May, New Jersey); 

 Breder, Zoologica, N. Y., 2(15), 1922: 336 (Sandy Hook Bay); Meek and Hildebrand, Field Mus. 

 Publ., Zool., J5(i), 1923: 175 (synon., descr., range, Panama); Linton, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 64, 

 1924: 59 (parasites); Bigelow and Welsh, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. (1924), 40 (i), 1925: 90, ftn. (questions 

 Halkett's [1913: 45] ident. of New Brunswick specimen): Breder, Zoologica, N.Y., 4(4), 1925: 141 

 (common at Gatun Dam Spillway, Canal Zone); Nichols and Breder, Zoologica, N.Y. (1926), 9(1), 

 1927: 33, fig. (Sandy Hook, New Jersey; Orient and New York, N.Y. ; Woods Hole, Mass. ; a fall visitor) ; 

 Hildebrand and Schroeder, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. (1927), 43 (i), 1928: 79, fig. 40 (descr., range, Chesa- 

 peake Bay); Beebe and Tee- Van, Zoologica, N.Y., -TO (i), 1928: 32, fig. (diagn., range, "apparently 

 rather rare" at Port-au-Prince, Haiti); Jordan, Evermann, and Clark, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1928), 

 2, 1930: 39 (common names, range, synon.); Breder, Field Bk. Mar. Fish. Atl. Cst., 1929: 60, fig. 

 (diagn., range, size); Fowler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 80, 1929: 609 (Atlantic City, New Jersey); 

 Jordan, Manual Vert. Anim. NE U.S., ed. 13, 1929: 36 (diagn., range); Nichols, N.Y. Acad. Sci., 10 

 (2), 1929: 119 (probably not uncommon in Puerto Rican waters; diagn.; excellent sport fish with light 

 tackle); Fowler, Copeia, No. 2, 1931 : 46 (Corpus Christi, Texas; local name skipjack); also Proc. Acad, 

 nat. Sci. Philad., 83: 193 1 : 392, fig- i (Trinidad); Beebe and Tee- Van, Field Bk. Shore Fish. Bermuda, 

 1933: 33, fig. (descr., rare in Bermuda); Fowler (part not E. saurus Linn.), Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 

 70(1), 1936: 155 (synon., includ. Afric. refs. based on E. senegalensis Regan; descr. based in part on 

 Afric. specimen); Hollister, Zoologica, N.Y., 2 J (4), 1936: 260-263, figs- (caudal skel.); Hildebrand, 

 Sci. Month., 44, 1937: 243 (abund. in Gatun Locks, Panama Canal, when drained); Kaplan, Big 

 Game Angler's Paradise, 1937: 91 (size, food, called Ladyfish in Florida); Storey, Ecology, 18, 1937: 

 16 (often hurt by freezes); Breder, Bull. N.Y. zool. Soc, 41, 1938: 24 (irregular. New York Harbor); 

 Hildebrand, Zoologica, N.Y., 24 {\), 1939: 25 (Gatun Locks, Panama Canal, apparently feed, ground); 

 Merriman, Copeia, 1939: 113, figs, a-d (scales); Bigelow and Schroeder, Copeia, 1940: 139 (Chatham, 

 Cape Cod, Mass., northernmost definite rec); Longley and Hildebrand, Publ. Carneg. Instn. Wash., 



