262 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



compressed ; dorsal outline convex over head ; 

 maxillary and premaxillary not separated by 

 a membranous section ; maxillary overlapping 

 distal end of premaxillary, interrupting mar- 

 gin of upper jaw (Fig. 113); anal fin with 

 only about 39—48 rays. 

 Neoopisthopterus Hildebrand 1948, p. 435. 

 lib. Teeth in jaws of unequal size, both jaws with strong canines (Fig. 

 115); vomer with teeth. Subfamily Chirocentrinae. 



Chirocentrodon Gunther 1868, p. 438. 

 3 b. Median line of back in front of dorsal fin naked, not crossed by scales ; stomach 

 with very thick walls, like the gizzard of a fowl. Subfamily Dorosomatinae. 



Dorosoma Rafinesque 1820, p. 443. 



Genus Etrumeus Bleeker 1853 

 Round Herrings 



Etrumeus Bleeker, Verh. Batav. Genoot., 2^, 1853: 48; genotype by monoytpy, Clupea micropus Temm'mck 

 and Schlegel. 



Generic S}Tionym: 



Perkinsia Rosa Eigenmann, Amer. Nat., 25, 1 89 1 : 153; type species by monotypy, P. othonops Rosa Eigenmann 

 equals Clupea micropus Temminck and Schlegel. 



Characters. Body elongate, little compressed, especially in Atlantic species; chest 

 and abdomen fully rounded. Bony scutes absent. Scales with smooth edges, deciduous, 

 covering chest and abdomen. Snout long, tapering. Mouth terminal. Maxillary 

 slender, ending about under anterior margin of eye. Teeth minute, present on jaws, 

 vomer, palatines, pterygoids, and tongue. Dorsal fin beginning notably nearer to 

 margin of snout than to base of caudal, with about 1 7—20 rays. Anal about half as 

 far from base of caudal as from origin of dorsal, with about 10—12 rays. Pelvic fins 

 inserted well behind base of dorsal, with a shield of enlarged scales covering them in 

 part, each fin with 8 rays. Pectorals of moderate size, also shielded in part by enlarged 

 scales, each fin with about 14-16 rays. Pelvic and pectoral each with a long Axil- 

 lary PROCESS. 



Range. Represented by one species on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United 

 States, and by two or more species in the eastern and western Pacific on the coasts of 

 southeastern Africa and southeastern Australia. 



