2 66 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



other small young adults were taken in March off northern Florida and in the Gulf of 

 Mexico. The smallest young were caught in water 19 fms. deep, and other small 

 ones were taken at 21, 20, 16, and 5 fms. From these data it may be concluded that 

 spawning in the south takes place during the winter, somewhat offshore, and in water 

 several fathoms deep. If spawning takes place northward it seems not to have been 

 reported. 



Migration and Habitat. In the northern part of its range, as at Woods Hole, Massa- 

 chusetts, this Round Herring is taken along the shore only during summer. It has not 

 yet been determined whether this fish migrates northward during summer or whether 

 it only comes inshore from deep water during warm weather. In southern waters it 

 is not known to occur along the shore, for there it has been taken only offshore in 

 water a few to several fathoms in depth. Whether it migrates at all in these waters re- 

 mains unknown. 



Relationships. E. sadina is the only representative of the genus in the Atlantic, but 

 other species occur in the Pacific: off California, the Philippine Islands, Japan, Hawaii, 

 and Galapagos Islands. Those from the western Pacific are more compressed and pro- 

 portionately deeper than the Atlantic species and are therefore less typically "round 

 herrings." 



Abundance. Generally this Round Herring is rare to scarce from New Jersey to 

 New England, where it occurs along the shore, but occasionally it is common to 

 plentiful. It was very abundant off Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in 1905 and again in 

 1908 (123: 741). A number of specimens was also taken at Campobello Island at the 

 mouth of the Bay in September 1 937 (82 : ^\g2: 15). Along the coast of eastern Maine, 

 in August-September 1953, something like 200,000 pounds were landed {114: 194). 

 But apparently it has been taken only sparingly off the southern Atlantic and Gulf 

 coast states, though commonly regarded as a warm-water fish. 



Range. It is known from Passamaquoddy Bay at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy 

 and from the eastern part of Maine to northern Florida off Cape Canaveral, and from 

 the Gulf of Mexico.^ Although it has been reported as not rare southward (72, 

 1896: 420), no records have been found of its occurrence from Delaware southward; 

 and there is only one record for the Gulf, the latter being based on specimens taken 

 from the stomachs of snappers landed at Pensacola, Florida (7^: 143). Recent col- 

 lections by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service include: examples from Beaufort Inlet 

 and off Cape Lookout, North Carolina; four collections of young from off northern 

 Florida southward to Cape Canaveral ; and six collections from the Gulf of Mexico, 

 five of these from off Mobile Bay and one from south of New Orleans. These rather 

 recent collections are all from offshore waters of 2—21 fms. depth. Those from New 

 Jersey northward, all adults, were caught in shallow water near or on the shore. 



5. Benin (jj:9) synonymized E. microps and E.jacksoniensis, previously recognized as valid species, and thereupon 

 gave the range as the Atlantic coast of the United States, the coast of southeastern Australia, southeastern Japan, 

 Hawaii, and the southeastern coast of Africa. However, from comparison of specimens from the United States and 

 Japan, it was at once evident that the latter were different in shape, being especially more compressed. A further 

 study of specimens from the widely separated regions where the genus occurs would be desirable. 



