Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 293 



Clupea elongata LeSueur, J. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., I (2), 1818: 234 (orig. descr.; type local. Marblehead 

 and Sandy Bay, Massachusetts). 



Herring, Moore, Rep. U.S. Comni. Fish. (1896), 22, 1898; 387-442 (life hist., econ. import., Passamaquoddy 

 Bay); Huntsman, Canad. Fish. Expcd. (1914-191 5), 1919: 165-171 (growth of young); Lea, Canad. 

 Fish. Exped. (1914-1915), 1919: 75-165 (age and growth, Canad. waters); Norman, Hist. Fishes, 

 1931 : 42, 65, 80, 91, 135, 183, etc. (genl. acct.); Anonymous, Rep. U. S. Tariff" Comm., (2) 69, 1933: 

 78, 106, 117, 143, 149-151, 157, 161, 163-165, 218 (statist, fishery products, Europ. and Amer. 

 countries); Ford, J. Mar. biol. Ass. U. K., N. S. ig, 1933-34: 305 (econ. of fishery, Plymouth, Eng- 

 land; life hist, data; forecast, catch); Battle, Huntsman, Jeff"ers, Johnson and McNairn, J. biol. Bd. 

 Canad., 2(4), 1936: 401 (fatness and food of young, Passamaquoddy Bay); Marshall, NichoUs and 

 Orr, J. Mar. biol. Ass. U. K., N. S. 22, 1938: 245 (growth, feed., Clyde); Johnson, J. Fish. Res. Bd. 

 Canad., 4, 1939: 349, 392 (effects of light on movements, feed.). Leim, Tibbo, and Day, Bull. Fish. 

 Res. Bd. Canad., 3, 1957: i — 184 (investig. e. Canada, growth, abund. populations, year-classes). 



Doubtful References: 



Clupea halec Mitchill, Rep. in part, Fishes of New York, 1814: 20 (orig. descr.; type local. New York; type lost; 



possibly a species of Pomolobui); Mitchill, Trans. Lit. philos. Soc. N. Y., I, 181 5: 451 (descr.). 

 Clupea coerulea Mitchill, Trans. Lit. philos. Soc. N. Y., I, 181 5: 457 (orig. descr.; type local. New York; 



type lost; possibly a species of Pomolobus). 



Genus Alosa Link 1790 



Shads 



Alosa Link, Mag. Physik. Naturg., Gotha, 6(3), 1790: 35; type species not specified; Cuvier, Regne Anim., 

 ed. 2, 2, 1829: 319; type species Clupea alosa Linnaeus, same as Alosa Link. 



Generic Synonym: 



Alausa Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 20, 1847: 389; type species Alausa vulgaris Cuvier and 

 Valenciennes equals Clupea alosa, apparently a variant spelling of Alosa Link. 



Characters. Body compressed, rather deep to elongate. Bony scutes rather promi- 

 nent, with sharp points; the chest and abdomen with a sharp edge. Cheek (bone 

 below eye) notably deeper than long (Fig. 69). Mouth large. Maxillary generally 

 extending beyond middle of eye. Upper jaw with a definite median notch. Lower jaw 

 largely included In upper one, its upper margin within the mouth rising gradually 

 (Fig. 69). Teeth in jaws minute or absent (absent in American adults); none on vomer 

 or tongue in adults. Dorsal with 16—22 rays, its last ray not produced, its origin 

 nearer to end of snout than to base of caudal. Anal with 18—27 ''^ys (18—22 in Amer- 

 ican species), the last ones not enlarged. Pelvic usually with 9 rays, inserted under 

 base of dorsal. Vertebrae about 52-59. 



Remarks. This genus is very close to Pomolobus., with some of the species being 

 difficult to separate generically. The species herein assigned to Alosa have a deep 

 median notch in the upper jaw; the lower jaw shorter than the upper, with the upper 

 margin (within mouth) not rising abruptly; the cheek deeper than long; and the adults 

 without teeth. A combination of these characters is required to identify the species of 

 Alosa. ''^ 



25. The two "wing-like plicae of skin, covered with elongate scales [alae)" on the base of the caudal, designated the 

 leading diagnostic character by Borodin in his revision of the genera Alosa and Pomolobus {18: 175), seem unusable 

 because too often they are indistinct on preserved specimens. 



