Fishes of the JVestern North Atlantic 307 



Smith, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm. (1890), 10, 1892: 193, pi. 30 (deposited in small lakes and streams 

 connected to Lake Ontario); Cheney, Rep. Forest Comm. N. Y. (1885), 1896: 125-134, color pi. 

 (commerc. import., statist., artif. culture, local spawn., migr.). 



Clupea alosa Mitchill (not of Linnaeus), Trans. Lit. philos. Soc. N. Y., J, 181 5 : 449 (descr., habits, size). 



Alosa freastabilis DeKay, New York Fauna, Ft. 4, Fishes, 1842: 255, pi. 15, fig. 41 (orig. descr.; type local. 

 New York; cf. European shad). 



Alausa sapidissima Gill, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 1861 : 54. 



Alosa sapidissima Uhler and Lugger in Rep. Comm. Fish. Md., 1876: 157; 1876: 133 (descr., synon., food 

 quahties, Maryland); Ryder, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1881), 1884: 795 (temp, effects on incub. of 

 eggs); Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 47 (i), 1896: 427; 47 (4), 1900: fig. 191 (descr., 

 range, synon.); Anonymous, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1897), 1898: 133, pis. 36-39 (artif. propag. 

 and develop.); Bean, T. H., 7th Rep. Forest Comm. N. Y. (1901), 1902 : 305, fig. (synon., range, occur., 

 size, food of young in rivers, spawn.); Bean, T. H., Bull. N. Y. St. Mus., 60, Zool. 9, 1903: 204 

 (synon., refs., decline due to obstructions, food, migr., growth); Fowler, Rep. N. J. St. Mus. (1905), 

 1906: 99 (descr., import, as food); Smith, N. C. geol. econ. Surv., 2, 1907: 125, pi. 5 in color (synon., 

 descr., range, foodfish; rel. size of male and female, migr., statist., etc.); Kendall, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. 

 nat. Hist., 7, 1908: 39 (refs.. New England); Sumner, Osburn, and Cole, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish. (191 1), 

 5/(2), 1913: 742 (refs.. Woods Hole, Massachusetts, spawn., parasites); Regan, Ann. Mag. nat. 

 Hist., (8) 18, 1916: 8 (diagn.); Wilson, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., JJ, 1917: 59 (parasites); Leim, Contr. 

 Canad. Biol, N. S. 2(1), 1924: 163-284 (hfe hist., bibliog.); Barney, Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc, ^4, 

 1924: 168, figs. 1-4 (age from otoliths); Borodin, Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc, 5./, 1924: 178 (age from 

 scales); Bigelow and Welsh, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish. (1924), 40 [i), 1925: 113, fig. 46 (descr., size, 

 range. Gulf of Maine, migr., food, develop., etc.); Jordan, Fishes, 1925: 276 (relation., qualit)' as food, 

 spawn.); Nichols and Breder, Zoologica, N. Y., 9 (i), 1927: 40, fig. (distr.. New York and New Eng- 

 land, food, life hist., size); Hildebrand and Schroeder, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish. (1927), 43 (i), 1928: 93, 

 fig. 5 3 (descr., growth of young, food, migr., artif propag., distr., commerc. import., marketing, size, range) ; 

 Breder, Field Bk. Mar. Fish. Atl. Cst., 1929: 66, fig. (abund., decline, migr., food, spawn.); Jordan, 

 Manual Vert. Anim. NE U. S., ed. 13, 1929: 40 (diagn., range); Truitt, Bean, and Fowler, Bull. Md. 

 Conserv. Dep., 3, 1929: 50, fig. 16 (descr., Maryland); Jordan, Evermann, and Clark, Rep. U. S. Comm. 

 Fish. (1928), 2, 1930: 42 (range, synon.); Walford, Fish. BuU., Sacramento, 28, 1931: 48 (diagn., 

 distr. Pacific coast, commerc. import.) ; Greeley and Bishop, 21st Rep. N. Y. Conserv. Dep. (1931), SuppL, 

 6, 1932: 78 (rare, Oswegatchie and Black R. systems); Greeley and Bishop, 22nd Rep. N. Y. Conserv. 

 Dep. (1932), SuppL, 7, 1933: 91 (extinct, upper Hudson); Greeley, 24th Rep. N. Y. Conserv. Dep. 

 (1934), Suppl., 9, 1935: 90 (Hudson R.); Greeley, 25th Rep. N. Y. Conserv. Dep. (1935), SuppL, 



10, 1936: 78 (Delaware R. within New York); Greeley, 26th Rep. N. Y. Conserv. Dep. (1936), SuppL, 



11, 1937: 91, pi. 3 in color (abund. Hudson R., spawn.); Vladykov and Wallace, Trans, .'^mer. 

 Fish. Soc. (1937), ()^ (2), 1938: 52-66; also Contr. 17, Chesapeake Biol. Lab. (commerc. import., Chesa- 

 peake Bay; var. in populations); Greeley, 28th Rep. N. Y. Conserv. Dep. (1938), SuppL, 15(1), i939'- 

 39; 15 (2), 1939: 82 (fresh water. Long Island, New York); Greeley, 29th Rep. N. Y. Conserv. Dep. 

 (1939), SuppL, 16, 1940: 68 (rare. Lake Ontario); Welander, Copeia, 1940: 221 (introd., distr. Pacific 

 coast); Hubbs and Lagler, Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci., 18, 1941: 27 (range); Fowler, Monogr. Acad, 

 nat. Sci. Philad., 7, 1945: 45 (synon., refs.); Anonymous, Fish. Resourc. U. S., Senate Doc. No. 51, 

 1945: iii, 67-68, fig. (migr., fish, management; decline, causes and remedies; range); Warfel and Olsen, 

 Copeia, 1947: 177-183 (var. in no. of vert, and signif.); Bigelow and Schroeder, Fish. Bull. (74) 

 U.S. Fish Wildl.Serv., 53, 1953: 108-112 (descr., life hist.. Gulf of Maine). 



Shad, Clark, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (188 1), 1884: 783 (amount of water needed to keep eggs and young 

 alive); Rice, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1881), 1884: 787 (retard, develop, of eggs); Willey, Contr. Canad. 

 Biol., N. S.J (16), 1923: 313-320 (food); Johnson, Invest. Rep. U. S. Bur. Fish., 2 (38), 1938: 1-42, 

 figs. 1—9 (nat. hist., sources of fishery, capture, wholesale trade, consump. in homes and public eating 

 places, nutr. value, recipes, etc.); Hollis, Science, 108 (2804), 1948: 332 (tagging young; return of 

 mature fish to place of hatch.). 



Doubtful References: 



Clupea indigena Mitchill, Rep. in part on Fishes of New York, 1814: 22 (orig. descr.; type local, presumably 

 New York; type lost); Mitchill, Trans, lit. philos. Soc N. Y., J, 181 5: 454 (descr. inadequate forident.). 



