Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 393 



(range, synon. in part); Fowler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 82, 1930: 269 (Grenada); 89, 1937: 309 

 (Haiti); Storey, Stanf. Ichthyol. Bull., J (i), 1938: 43 (nomencL, type local., orig. descr. quoted); 

 Butsch, J.Barbados Mus. Hist. Soc, 7(1), I939". 18 (Barbados); Longley and Hildebrand, Publ. 

 Carneg. Instn. Wash., 535, 1941 : 8-10 (char, in key, compar., synon. in part, var. in depth accord, to 

 se.\, fin rays, vent, scutes, gill rakers, nomencl., range, Tortugas, Florida). 



Clupea bishopi Cockerell, Inst. Jamaica Bull., I, 1892: 15 (color, Jamaica). 



Sardinella c/upeo/a Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 47 (i), 1896: 428, 429 (char, in key, descr. 

 in part, nomencl., ref.); Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1895), 1896; 282 (range); B. A. Bean in Shattuck, 

 Bahama Islands, Fishes, 1905: 297 (Green Turtle Cay, Bahamas); Metzelaar, Trop. Atlant. Vissch., 

 1919: 1 1, fig. 10 (synon., size, Haiti, drawing erroneously idcnt. as Sardinella anchovia C. and V. 1847). 



Sardinella bishopi Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 47 (i), 1896: 428, 430 (char, in key, descr., 

 relation.); Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1895), 1896: 282 (range). 



Sardinella macropAt/ialmus ]ordia.'i\ and Evermann, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 47 (i), 1896: 428, 430 (char. in key, descr., 

 compar., range, synon. in part); Rep. U S. Comm. Fish. (1895), 1896: 282 (range); Jordan and Rutter, 

 Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 4g, 1898: 94 (ref., body depth, Kingston, Jamaica); Fowler, Proc. Acad, 

 nat. Sci. Philad., 51, 1900: 118 (Port Antonio, Jamaica; St. Martin and Santa Cruz, Lesser Antilles); 

 Nichols, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., jt(i8), 1912: 182 (capture, Havana Harbor, Cuba); Metzelaar, 

 Trop. Atlant. Vissch., i, 1919: 12, fig. 4 (synon., size, habitat, commerc. import., Curasao; St. Eustatius); 

 Breder, Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll., I (i), 1927: 12 (Glover Reef); Beebe and Tee-Van, Zoologica, 

 N. Y., 10, 1928: 41 (ref., field char., size, weight, range, distr., abund., capture, Port-au-Prince Bay, 

 Haiti); Breder, Field Bk. Mar. Fish.Atl. Cst., 1929: 68 (range, size); Zoologica, N. V., 18 (3), 1934: 59 

 (Andros I., Bahamas); Parr, Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll., J (4), 1930: 3 (comments, Crooked Is., 

 Bahamas only); von Ihering, Rev. Industr. Anim. Sao Paulo, 3, 1930: 229 (ref, diagn., Brazil). 



Harengula pensacolae Goode and Bean 1879 



Scaled Sardine, Sardine, Pilchard, Alewife, Fatback Minnow, 

 Shiner, Sprat, Sardina Escamuda, Sardina, Sardinha 



Figure 97 



Study Material. Numerous specimens, 39—149 mm SL, from Florida, the Gulf of 

 Mexico, Bahamas, West Indies, Caribbean coast of Central and South America, and 

 Brazil, USNM and UMIM. 



Distinctive Characters. The absence of palatine teeth, the high number of gill rakers 

 (30—40), the number of ventral scutes, the adherent scales, and the deeper body distin- 

 guish this species from all other western Atlantic forms. 



Description. Proportional dimensions in per cent of standard length, and counts, 

 based on 1,394 specimens, 39—149 mm SL. 



5oi^: greatest depth 29.5-34.7; greatest Maxillary: length 12. 7-14. 3. 



width 14. 0-15. 6. Dorsal fin: anterior height 18. 1-20. 3; 

 Caudal peduncle: least depth 10.6-11.4. length 23.6-25.3; length of base 



Head: length 28.0-31.5; depth at occi- 16. 4-19.0. 



put 26.5—28.8 Anal fin: anterior height 6.3-7.1 ; length 

 Snout: length 6.9-8.5. 18. 9-2 1.9; length of base 14.3- 



Eye: diameter 9.0-12.0. 16.0. 



Interorbital: width 6.0-7.6. Pelvic fin: length 1 2.9-1 3.8. 



