Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 401 



to origin of anal, inserted about equidistant between base of pectoral and origin of 

 anal, 2.4—2.75 in head; the axillary process reaching about to beginning of distal third 

 of fin. Pectoral fin rather short, not falcate, its length 5.4—6.25 in SL, i-35— 1-55 

 in head, failing to reach base of pelvic by a distance generally equal to snout and about 

 half of eye. 



Color. Specimens at hand badly faded ; apparently not different from S. anchovia. 

 Described as "steel blue above, silvery below, iridescent. Head, in spirits with golden 

 tints; no opercular spot" (9: 122). 



Size. This, the Anchovy of Bermuda, reaches a length of 6 or 7 inches {11: 'x,^. 

 The average length of those observed by Goode was about 5 inches (^2: 69). 



Habits. Like the others of the genus, this little sardine schools, usually in the 

 offshore waters, and tends to come inshore in large schools "about sunrise or sunset" 



Commercial Importance. This little Sardine was sold "in quantities along the quay" 

 in March 1872, presumably for human consumption {42: 69). Barbour said that in 

 1903 it was seined regularly for bait in Hamilton Harbor and Flatts Inlet (^: 112). 

 Although it was reported as "uncommon close in shore but very abundant in mid-water 

 in greater depths" (jj: "^^^^ it was not stated that it is either eaten by man or used as 

 bait. A small fish occurring in the abundance indicated must be of considerable value 

 as forage for larger predatory foodfishes. 



Range. Known only from Bermuda. 



Synonyms and References: 



Sardinella anchovia Goode (not of Cuvier and Valenciennes), Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 5, 1876: 69 (Bermuda, 



average size); Barbour, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv., .^6 (7), 1905: 112 (distr.; in part not finnula; 



Hamilton Harbor, Bermuda); Beebe and Tee- Van (in part not of C. and V.), Field Bk. Shore Fish. 



Bermuda, 1933 : 35 (field char., diagn., distr.); Beebe and Tee-Van (not of C. and V.), Zoologica, N. Y., 



-'^J (7)> '933- 135 {S. pinnula synon. with S. anchovia); Hollister (not of C. and V.), Zoologica, 



N. Y., 21 (4), 1936: 186 (caudal skel.). 

 Sardinella pinnula T. H. Bean, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 2^, 1912: 122 (orig. descr.; type local. Bermuda; 



types USNM 74086; local name). 



Sardinella anchovia (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 1847 



Spanish Sardine, Sardina de Espana, False Sardine, Sardina, Bang 



Figures 99, 100 



Study Material. Many specimens, from Woods Hole, Massachusetts ; Blue Point 

 Cove, Long Island, New York; Beaufort, North Carolina; and Tortugas, Florida. 

 Several additional specimens from Cuba, Jamaica, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, apparently 

 belong to this species also. 



Distinctive Characters: See Relationship and Variation. 



Description. Proportional dimensions in per cent of standard length, based on 32 

 specimens, 90—155 mm TL, 70—127 mm SL. 



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