Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 387 



28—40, usually 30—39, on lower limb of first arch; ventral scutes 28—32, usually 

 29—31 ; scales adherent, not falling off from either fresh or preserved specimens; 

 snout 3.4—4.3, usually 3.5-4.2, in distance between origins of pelvic and anal fins; 

 humeral spot present, sometimes faint. Average length 40-90 mm. 

 2a. Scales in 42-44, usually 43, transverse rows, and 12 or 13, usually 12, 

 longitudinal rows; predorsal scales 15-19, usually 16-18. 



thrissina Jordan and Gilbert 1882. 



Pacific coast of Mexico from the Gulf of 

 California to Acapulco. 

 2b. Scales in 38—42, usually 39-41, transverse rows, and 11 longitudinal rows; 

 predorsal scales 11 -14, usually 12 or 13. 



3 a. Anal with 15—17, usually 16, rays, its base usually slightly shorter than 

 pelvic fin; tip of dorsal fin blackish. peruana Fowler and Bean 1923. 



Pacific coast from Panama to Peru. 

 3b. Anal with 17-19, usually 18, rays, its base usually slightly longer than 

 pelvic fin ; tip of dorsal fin not blackish. 

 4a. Gill rakers 28-34, usually 30-32, on lower limb of first arch. 



clufeola Cuvier 1829, p. 390. 

 4b. Gill rakers 30-40, usually 32-39, on lower limb of first arch. 



pensacolae Goode and Bean 1879, p. 393. 



Harengula humeralis (Cuvier) 1829 



Red-ear Sardine, Sardina, Sardina de Ley, Sardine, Loosescale Sardine, Pilchard, 

 Red-ear Pilchard, Sprat, Whitebill, Pincer 



Figure 95 



Study Material. Numerous specimens, 44-172 mm SL, from Florida, Bermuda, 

 West Indies, and the Caribbean coast of Central America, USNM, MCZ, and 

 UMIM. 



Distinctive Characters. The presence of pointed anterior palatine teeth, the reduced 

 number of gill rakers (26—32) and ventral scutes (25-29), and the nonadherent loose 

 scales distinguish this species from all the others of this genus. 



Description. Proportional dimensions in per cent of standard length, and counts, 

 based on 577 specimens, 44—172 mm SL. 



Body, greatest depth 26.0-30.7; greatest Eye: diameter 8.7-1 1.3. 



width 1 3.5-1 6.0. Interorbital: width 5.5-6.6. 



Caudal peduncle: least depth 9.5-1 1.2. Maxillary: length 12. 4-15. 3. 



Head: length 27.1-32.8; depth at occi- Dorsal fin: anterior height 18.5-23.2; 



put 22.4-25.9. length 22.2-26.0; length of base 



Snout: length 7.7-9.2. 1 6.6-1 9.0. 



-5* 



