42 o Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



Body with greatest depth 3-25—3.33 in SL; the ventral outline more strongly 

 convex than dorsal outline. Scales relatively small. Ventral scutes 21—23 i" advance of 

 pelvics and 13 or 14 behind them. Snout a little shorter than eye. Eye 3.8—4.0 in 

 head. Maxillary extending to or a little behind middle of eye. Mandible projecting 

 strongly. Gill rakers 23-26 on lower limb of first arch. Dorsal origin nearer to 

 margin of snout than to base of caudal. Anal with origin behind dorsal base, its base 

 3.5-3.6 in SL. Pelvic longer than eye, inserted much nearer to base of pectoral than 

 to origin of anal. Pectoral with axillary process reaching to or beyond middle ot first 

 ray of fin. 



Color. According to the original account, greenish above, silvery ventrally. Lower 

 lobe of caudal with a large dark spot; other fins yellowish. 



Size. See Description. 



Relationship. This species seems to be closely related to I.flavipinnis, a species 

 apparently reported only from Buenos Aires, Argentina, with which castelnaeana has 

 sometimes been considered identical. According to Norman, the latest revisor of this 

 and related genera, flavipinnis has more gill rakers on the lower limb of the first 

 arch (30 or 31) and an axillary process of the pectoral fin that is shorter, not reaching 

 the middle of the first ray {()(): 17). These differences seem to be substantiated by two 

 specimens (USNM 77357) about 220 and 230 mm TL (caudal damaged), 173 and 

 187 mm SL, from Buenos Aires. Furthermore, the dorsal and anal oi flavipinnis seem 

 to have fewer rays (D. 17 and 18; A. 38 and 39) and a shorter anal fin base (3.45 and 

 "Xf.^ti in SL). In color the specimens oi flavipinnis differ from castelnaeana., as described, 

 in the absence of a dark spot on the lower lobe of the caudal. 



Range. "Coast of Surinam and Brazil; Upper Amazons" (Norman). 



Synonyms and References: 



Pellona castelnaeana Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 20, 1847: 306 (orig. descr.; tj'pe local., around 

 mouth of Amazon R.); Fowler, Arqu. Zool. estad. Sao Paulo, 3 (6), 1941 : 134 (refs.). 



Pellona flavipinnis Giinther (not of Valenciennes), Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 7, 1868: 454 (descr. based on speci- 

 mens from Surinam, where species does not occur); Boulenger (not of Valenciennes), Ann. Mag. nat. 

 Hist., (6) 20, 1897: 298 (Marajo I., Brazil); Goeldi (not of \'alenciennes), Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. 

 Nat., 2 (3), 1898: 486 (refs., names); Puyo (not of Valenciennes), Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Toulouse, JO, 

 1936: 166 (refs., descr., habits, habitat, commerc. import.). 



Iliska flavipinnis Jordan and Evermann (not of Valenciennes), Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 47 (i), 1896: 435 (descr. 

 after Giinther, 1868); Eigenmann (in part not of Valenciennes), Rep. Princeton Exped. Patagonia, 

 1896-1899, j(4), 1910: 452 {I. castelnaeana incorrectly synon., range, includ. both species); Eigenmann 

 (not of \'alenciennes), Mem. Carneg. Mus., 5, 191 2: 446 (descr., Georgetown, British Guiana, where 

 species does not occur); Starks (not of Valenciennes), Stanf. Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., 1913: 8 (Para, 

 Brazil, where species apparently does not occur). 



Neosteus castelnaeana Norman, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9) II, 1923: 19 (synon., descr., range). 



Ilishe {Neosteus) castelnaeana von Ihering, Rev. Industr. Anim., i (3), 1930: 230 (refs., fin rays; "Amazonias 

 e Guyana; entra no rias"). 



Ilisha altamazonica de Menezes (not of Cope), Publ. Serv. Piscic. Dep. Nac, Ceara, Brazil, 113, 1946: i 

 (notes on common name; local, of coll., ident., etc.). 



Ilisha castelnaeana de Menezes, Publ. Serv. Piscic. Dep. Nac, Ceari, Brazil, 11 3 A, 1947: i {I. altamazonica 

 of de Menezes, 1946, to synon. of this species). 



