424 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



in head. Interorbital 6.5-8.35. Cheek fully as long as deep. Maxillary rather nar- 

 rowly rounded posteriorly, generally reaching nearly below middle of eye, 1.8—2.0 in 

 head; a narrow bone with teeth between premaxillary and maxillary. Mandible pro- 

 jecting strongly, its tip scarcely below dorsal outline of head, its margin within mouth 

 rising strongly, 1.7— 1.85 in head. Gill rakers at angle of first arch only about as long 

 as pupil, apparently not increasing in number with age, 23-25 on lower limb. Teeth 

 small, in a single series on mandible and premaxillary; a row of minute teeth on margin 

 of maxillary; present in bands on palatines, pterygoids, and tongue. 



Figure 106. Ilisha harroweri, i6o mm TL, 123 mm SL, Colon, Panama, USNM 81749. Drawn by Ann 

 S. Green. 



Dorsal fin moderately elevated anteriorly, its longest rays reaching far beyond 

 tip of last ray if deflexed, its origin a little nearer to margin of snout than to base of 

 caudal, its distance from margin of snout 1.7— 2.1 in SL; a sheath composed of one row 

 of scales at base. Caudal fin forked, the lower lobe slightly the longer; small scales 

 extending onto base of fin. Anal fin long, its anterior rays somewhat elevated but 

 not forming a definite lobe, its margin nearly straight, its origin somewhat variable, 

 generally under posterior rays of dorsal, usually about equidistant between posterior 

 margin of eye and base of caudal, its base 2.3—2.7 in SL; the sheath composed of two 

 rows of scales anteriorly and one row posteriorly. Pelvic fin small, rarely missing, 

 reaching halfway or more to origin of anal, inserted under, or more usually somewhat 

 in advance of, vertical from origin of dorsal, much nearer to origin of anal than to base 

 of pectoral, 3.1—3.8 in head; no free axillary process. Pectoral fin moderately 

 developed, not falcate, reaching base of pelvic in some but failing to reach it in others, 

 its length 4.7—5.5 in SL, i. 3-1. 65 in head; a free axillary process reaching about to 

 midlength of longest rays. 



Color. Bluish gray above. Sides silvery. Upper surface of anterior part of 

 snout and mandible dusky. Dorsal and anal fins yellowish in life, the tip of the 



