HISTOLOGY OF PITCHER PLANTS. 155 



ward. The second zone is characterised bj the fact that each 

 cell of the surface is prolonged downward into a short mammillary 

 process, its wall being striated longitudinally. We next come to a 

 division which is smooth, hairs are entirely absent, and the cells are 

 sinuous in outline. The fourth division is by far the longest, and 

 is crowded with long hairs, the points of which are all directed 

 towards the base, but they are not so stout or strong as those found 

 near the mouth of the pitcher. 



In speaking of the upper zone of this species. Dr. Tait says : — 

 " There are numerous stiff hairs, not tubular, but made up of long 

 rod-like cells." In Fig. 2 is shown an actual section of one of these 

 hairs, by which it will be seen that it agrees in all respects with an 

 ordinary trichome, being simply the outgrowth of a single cell. I 

 can understand how Dr. Tait was deceived, and led to describe them 

 in the words quoted. These hairs on their exterior surface show a 

 few deeply cut longitudinal striations — in fact, so well marked are 

 they that the hair might almost be described as fluted. Taking 

 each of these divisions to represent a cell, he has been led to describe 

 the hair as made up of a bundle of rod-like cells ; had he, however, 

 made a section of one, their true nature would have been at once 

 apparent. 



The next point to which I would refer is to the structures called 

 by Dr. Tait " multifid buds," and which you will remember he 

 regards as modified or arrested " multifids," the name he gives to 

 the branched hairs found on the exterior of some pitchers. 



Speaking of the outside of the pitcher, he says : — " The outer 

 surface was scattered with stomata and multifid buds," and when 

 describing the second internal zone — " On this surface the inter- 

 cellular spaces are evidently canalicular, and multifid buds abound, 

 but they are covered by the altered epithelium." In Figs. 1, 3, -I 

 are shown some of the so-called "multifid buds," Fig. 1 being a 

 section of a gland from the interior surface of S. i^urpurea, Figs. 

 3,4 a surface view and section of one from the exterior of iS'. Drinii- 

 mondii ; and they show without doubt that instead of their origin 

 being akin to that of a hair, the external gland is produced by 

 a differentiation of one or more epidermal cells, while in the for- 

 mation of the intei'ior glands some of the sub-epidermal cells are 

 also involved. In a section they are at once distinguished by the 

 darker colour of the contents, and in all cases it will be noticed that 



