TURBINIDAE 



Ventura, California, to Lower California. 



125 



2 to 3 inches in length; characterized by a strong, wavy, overhanging 

 periphery, and by the dark-brown, fuzzy periostracum. Base concave, with 

 3 small, indistinct spiral cords. Outside of operculum with 3 strong, prickly 

 ridges. Common in shallow water, especially around Todos Santos Bay, 

 Lower California. 



Figure 35. Astraea gibberosa Dillwyn, 2 inches, c, outer side of calcareous oper- 

 culum; d, muscle attachment side. 



Red Turban 



Figure 35 



Subgenus Pachypo?na Gray 1850 

 Astraea gibberosa Dillwyn 



Vancouver, B. C, to San Diego, California. 



1/4 to 3 inches in length, heavy, brick-red to reddish brown in color. 

 Characterized by 5 to 6 strong, spiral cords on the flattish base. Operculum 

 chitinous green on inner side; outer side swollen, smooth, enamel-white. 

 Formerly A. inaequalis Martyn. Moderately common just offshore down to 

 40 fathoms. 



Genus Homalopoma Carpenter 1864 



Shells small, turbinate in shape. Operculum calcareous, oval, thick; its 

 exterior with a thick, paucispiral whorl. Underside of operculum convex 

 with multispiral, chitinous whorling. Leptothyra Pease 1869 is this genus. 



Homalopoma albida Dall 



Southeast Florida, Cuba to Yucatan. 



White Dwarf Turban 



