196 MEDICAL MYCOLOGY 



Geiger (1910) considered M. Candida Bonorden as the type of tlie genus and separated 

 Pseudomonilia. 



Vuillemin (1911) correctly renamed Monilia Candida Bonorden non Pers. as M. Bonordeni 

 Vuillemin, since the former name was preoccupied. He proposed to accept the name Monilia 

 in the sense used by Bonorden, which contains two species which are not generally considered 

 congeneric. Berkhout (1923) proposed to retain Monilia fructigena Pers. (closely related to, 

 if not the same as, Bonorden 's M. cinerea) as the type of Monilia, and described Candida as 

 new, to include the saprophytic and human pathogens, taking as her type Monilia Bonordeni 

 Vuillemin or M. Candida Bonorden. 



In view of the very complicated and varied usage of Monilia, only two courses are open, 

 to disregard the name altogether, which in many ways would be the simplest, or to fix its 

 usage by adopting it as a nomen conservandum at an international congress in one of the 

 senses as used by later authors. This would probably best be done by fixing Monilia Candida 

 Bonorden as the type species. This species was not only considered by Bonorden as the type 

 of the genus to which he added M. fructigena as a new species, considering his M. Candida 

 the same species as that of the earlier authors (probably incorrectly), but also this procedure 

 would conserve the name for very many species widely used in fermentation and medical 

 literature. Some plant pathologists have attempted to typify Monilia by M. fructigena 

 Bonorden, which belongs to a wholly unrelated group of fungi, in utter disregard of all the 

 fundamental principles of nomenclature and, like the prophets of Baal thinking to be heard 

 by their loud cries, have convinced such well-known mycologists as Langeron & Talice. 



OIDIUM 



Oidium, Link, Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 18, 1809. 



Link characterizes this genus as " Thallus e floccis caespitosis septatis, ramosis, decvm- 

 bentibus; apicihus articulatis; articulis in sporidia secedentibus. Thallus e floccis complicatis, 

 sporidiis inspersis magnis, ovalibus, ita ut Sporothricho aut Geothricho affine credideris genus. 

 Cum vera accurate inspexeris floccos, invenies apices articulatos, articulosque separari et thallo 

 inspergi. Unico species, colore pulchre aureo, Oidium aureum (Trichoderma aure^im Pers.)." 

 The figure shows a habit very similar to Geotrichum, but the arthrospores are ellipsoid. 

 Persoon, Syn. Meth. Fung, had described the fungus ' ' late effusum, villo subalbido, tenuissimo, 

 pulvere obscure flavo. Provenit rariiis in vaporariis ad ligna cariosa, cui immcrsum." 



Link in his revision of the fungi in Willdenow's edition of Linne, Species Plantarum 6: 

 121, 1824, recognizes 10 species, of which 0. virescens and 0. Uredinis are described as new, 

 the rest being transfers from other genera, mostly Acrosporiamn and Monilia. 



There seems no reason to take Oidium monilioides (Acrosporium Nees) on the under- 

 side of grass leaves as the type of Oidium and consider it a plant parasite, as has been done 

 by Jaczewski and others. 



Fresenius (1851) introduced confusion by his Oidium lactis. 



GEOTRICHUM 



Geotrichum, Link, Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 17, 18, 1809. 



This genus was first characterized; "Thallus e floccis caespitosis septatis, ramosis, 

 decumbentibus. Sporidia ovalia, utrinque trurtcata, inspersa. Thallus e floccis complexis. 

 Sporidia magna, extremitatibus truncatis genus designant. Affine genus Sporothrico, at 

 sporidiis sat differt." Geotrichum candidum was the only species recognized: " caespitibus 

 effusis, floccis albis, sporidiis concoloribus. Tenuis instar tomenti terram in sylvaticis sterilibus 

 et ericetis obtegit, maculam albam nudo oculo granulosam efficiens. Plantula fugax." The 

 figures show a septate mycelium with cylindric arthrospores. 



In 1824, in his revision of the fungi of Willdenow 's edition of Linne 's Species Plantarum, 

 Link includes it in Botrytis under the name Botrytis geotricha. Persoon includes Geotrichum 



