BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE 89 



has been previously and validly published for a subdivision based on 

 a different type, even if that subdivision is of a different rank; (2) 

 that there is an earlier validly published subdivisional epithet available. 

 When the epithet of a subdivision of a species, on transference to 

 another species, has been applied erroneously in its new position to a 

 different plant, the epithet must be retained for the plant on which 

 the group was originally based. 



Example: The variety micranthum Oren. & Godr. (Fl. France, i, 171: 1847) of 

 Helianthermi/m italiouTn Pers., when transferred as a variety to H. penicillatum 

 Thib., retains its varietal epithet, becoming H. penicillatum var. micranth^tm (Gren. 

 & Godr.) Grosser (in Engl. Pflanzenreich, Heft 14, 115: 1903). 



Section 10. — Choice of Names when two Groups of the same Rank are 

 united, or in Fungi with a pleomorphic Life-cycle (Art. 

 56, 57, Rec. XXXIII-XXXV). 



Art. 56. When two or more groups of the same rank are united the 

 oldest legitimate name or (in species and their subdivisions) the old- 

 est legitimate epithet is retained. If the names or epithets are of the 

 same date, the author who unites the groups has the right of choos- 

 ing one of them. The author who first adopts one of them, definitely 

 treating another as a synonym or referring it to a subordinate group, 

 must be followed. 



Recommendations: 



XXXni. Authors who have to clioose between two generic names should note 

 the following recommendations: — 



1. Of two names of tlie same date to prefer the one which was first accom- 



panied by the description of a species. 



2. Of two names of the same date, both accompanied by descriptions of 



species, to prefer the one which, when the author made his choice, in- 

 cluded the larger number of species. 



3. In cases of equality from these various points of view to prefer the more 



correct and appropriate name. 



XXXIV. "When several genera are united as subgenera or sections under one 

 generic name, the subdivision including the type of the generic name used may bear 

 that name unaltered (e.g. Anarrhinum sect. Anarrhiniim), or with a prefix (An- 

 thriscus sect. Eu-Anthriscus) , or a suffix (Stachys sect. Stachyotypiis). These pre- 

 fixes or suffixes lapse when the subdivisions are raised to generic rank. 



XXXV. When several species are united as subspecies or varieties under one 

 specific name, the subdivision whicli includes the type of the specific epithet used 

 may be designated either by the same epithet unaltered (e. g. Stachys recta subsp. 

 recta), or with a prefix (e.g. Alchemilla alpina subsp. eii-alpina), or by one of 

 the customary epithets (typicus, origmarius, genuinvs, verus, veridicus, etc.), in- 

 dicating that it is the type subdivision. 



Art. 57. Among Fungi with a pleomorphic life-cycle the different 

 successive states of the same species {anamorphoses, status) can bear 

 only one generic and specific name (binary), that is the earliest which 

 has been given, starting from Fries, Sy sterna, or Persoon, Synopsis, to 

 the state containing the form which it has been agreed to call the per- 

 fect form, provided that the name is otherwise in conformity with the 

 Rules. The perfect state is that which ends in the ascus stage in the 

 Ascomycetes, in the basidium in the Basidiomycetes, in the teleutospore 

 or its equivalent in the TJredinales, and in the spore in the TJstilaginales. 

 Generic and specific names given to other states have only a temporary 

 value. They cannot replace a generic name already existing and apply- 

 ing to one or more species, any one of which contains the ''perfect" 

 form. 



