82 MEDICAL MYCOLOGY 



XrV. Names of men and women, and also of countries and localities used as 

 specific epithets, may be substantives in the genitive (Truchisi) or adjectives 

 (Valeriana, lipsiense). It will be well, in the future, to avoid the use of the 

 genitive and the adjectival form of the same epithet to designate two different 

 species of the same genus. 



XV. In forming specific epithets botanists will do well to have regard also to 

 the following recommendations: — 



(o) To avoid those which are very long and difficult to pronounce. 



(b) To avoid those which express a character common to all, or nearly all, the 



species of a genus. 



(c) To avoid using the names of little-known or very restricted localities, 



unless the species is quite local. 



(d) To avoid, in the same genus, epithets which are very much alike, especially 



those which differ only in their last letters. 



(e) Not to adopt unpublished names found in travellers' notes or in herbaria, 



attributing them to their authors, unless these have approved publica- 

 tion. 



(/) Not to name a species after a person who has neither discovered, nor de- 

 scribed, nor figured, nor in any way studied it. 



(g) To avoid epithets which have been used before in any closely allied genus. 



(h) To avoid specific epithets formed of two or more (hyphened) words. 



(i) To avoid epithets which have the same meaning as the generic name 

 (pleonasm). 



§ 5. Names of Groups below the rank of Species {ternary names). 



Art. 28. Epithets of subspecies and varieties are formed like those 

 of species and follow them in order, beginning- with those of the high- 

 est rank. "When adjectival in form and not used as substantives they 

 agree with the generic name. Similarly for subvarieties, forms and 

 slight or transient modifications of wild plants, which receive either 

 epithets, or numbers, or letters to facilitate their arrangement. The 

 use of a binary nomenclature for subdivisions of species is not admis- 

 sible. It is permissible to reduce more complicated names to ternary 

 combinations. 



Art. 29. The same epithet may be used for subdivisions of different 

 species, and the subdivisions of one species may bear the same epithet 

 as other species: e. g. Rosa JundzilUi var. leioclada and Bosa glutmosa 

 var. leioclada, Viola tricolor var. hirta in spite of the existence already 

 of a different species named Viola hirta. 



Art. 30. Two subdivisions of the same species, even if they are of 

 different rank, cannot bear the same subdivisional epithet, unless they 

 are based on the same type. If the earlier subdivisional name (ternary 

 combination) was validly published, the later one is illegitimate, and 

 must be rejected. 



The ternary combinations Biscutella didyma subsp. apula Briq. and Biscutella 

 didyma var. apula Halacsy may both be used because they are based on the same 

 type, and the one includes the other. 



The following is incorrect: Erysimum hieracifolium subsp. strictum var. 

 longisiliquum and E. hieracifolium subsp. pannonicum var. longisiliquum — a form 

 of nomenclature which allows two varieties bearing the same name in the same 

 species. 



Recommendations : 



XVI. Eecommendations made for specific epithets apply equally to epithets of 

 subdivisions of species. 



XVII. Special forms (forma specialis) are preferably named after the host 

 species ; if desired, double names may be used : e. g. Puccinia HieracU f . sp. villosi, 

 Pucciniastrum Epilohii f. sp. Aiieti-Chamaenerii. 



XVIII. Botanists should avoid giving a new epithet to any subdivision of a 

 species which includes the type either of the specific name or of a higher sub- 



